13:11 — REGNUM 75 years ago, on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. Victory in it became the greatest test and the greatest pride for Russia. The memory of fallen soldiers, home front workers and civilians is immortalized in numerous memorials throughout the country. You can visit each of these memorials, lay flowers and remember those who fell in the Great Patriotic War.

Daria Antonova © IA REGNUM

1. Monument-ensemble “Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd. The most famous memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is majestic and symbolic. It took 8.5 years to build: from 1959 to 1967. The chief architect was Evgeniy Vuchetich.

There are 200 steps leading from the base to the top of the mound. This number was not chosen by chance: that is how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted, which put an end to the offensive of the fascist troops.

2. Museum-reserve “Prokhorovskoye Field”, Belgorod region, Prokhorovka village. The vicinity of the Prokhorovka railway station on July 12, 1943 became the site of the largest tank battle in history.

Galina Vanina

More than 1,500 tanks of the Red Army and the fascist invaders fought in the battle. This battle turned the tide of the Battle of Kursk and the war as a whole.

3. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow. The memorial was opened in May 1967 after the burial of the ashes of an unknown soldier who died in the battle for Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Daria Antonova © IA REGNUM

The remains were transferred from the mass grave to 41 km of Leningradskoye Highway. The eternal flame of glory was brought in 1967 from the Campus Martius. At the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the fire was lit by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev, having received the torch from the hands of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev.

Oryol Region. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a stronghold of a group of fascist troops was located in the region. In 1942, the Bolkhov operation was carried out, with the bloodiest battle in the Krivtsovo-Chagodaevo-Gorodishche area.

After the offensive, Soviet troops were able to advance 20 km, but then stopped. This did not allow the enemy to transfer forces to the Battle of Stalingrad. During the Bolkhov operation, more than 21 thousand soldiers and officers were killed, and more than 47 thousand were injured.

5. Murmansk “Alyosha”— monument to the “Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.” It was founded in 1969 on the Cape Verde hill, where anti-aircraft batteries were located that defended the city from air raids.

Tara-Amingu

The Murmansk region is the only region where the enemy did not pass more than 30 km from the state border. And the fiercest battles took place on the right bank of the Zapadnaya Litsa River, later renamed the Valley of Glory. “Alyosha’s” gaze is directed exactly there.

6. Rear to front, Magnitogorsk. This is the first part of a triptych of monuments, including “The Motherland Calls” in Volgograd and “The Liberator Warrior” in Berlin.

7. Monument to Sailor and Soldier, Sevastopol. A 40-meter monument with a difficult fate. The decision to build a memorial complex at Cape Khrustalny was made back in the 70s of the last century, but construction began only decades later.

Sergey Sekachev

Construction proceeded slowly, then it was mothballed, as the project was considered unsuccessful, and in the late 80s the possibility of dismantling the monument was seriously discussed. Subsequently, supporters of the monument won, and money was allocated for restoration, but the initially approved project was never completed. Now the Soldier and Sailor Monument is a must-see for tourist groups, although there are many of its critics among local residents.

Moscow city. For the first time, on the site of a hill between the Setun and Filka rivers, back in 1942, it was proposed to erect a monument to the national feat of 1812. However, in the difficult conditions of the Great Patriotic War, the project could not be implemented.

Alexander Kaasik

Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill

Subsequently, a sign was installed on Poklonnaya Hill with the promise that a Victory monument would appear in this place. A park was laid out around it, which also received a similar name. Construction of the memorial began in 1984, and was completed only 11 years later: the complex was inaugurated on May 9, 1995, on the 50th anniversary of the war.

9. Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, Saint Petersburg. This is the largest burial site for victims of the Second World War; about 420 thousand residents of besieged Leningrad who died of hunger, cold and disease, and 70 thousand soldiers who heroically fought for the northern capital are buried in 186 mass graves.

George Arutunian

The grand opening of the memorial took place on May 9, 1960. The dominant feature of the ensemble is the “Mother Motherland” monument with a granite stele on which is engraved the epitaph of Olga Berggolts with the famous line “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.” The poetess wrote this poem specifically for the opening of the Piskarevsky memorial.

G. Saratov. Yuri Menyakin, the creator of the memorial complex in memory of Saratov residents who died in the war, was inspired by the song “Cranes” based on the poems of Rasul Gamzatov.

Therefore, the main theme of the monument was bright memory and bright sadness. A wedge of 12 silver cranes flying west symbolizes the souls of fallen soldiers.

An overview of outstanding memorials dedicated to the Great Patriotic War was provided by the Federal Agency for Tourism.

Today, at a staff meeting, the governor of the Chelyabinsk region, Boris Dubrovsky, instructed to resolve the issue of bringing monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War into proper form: During a recent video conference with veterans, I was given an instruction to take stock of all Victory monuments in the Chelyabinsk region and put them in order. Then we thought that we had 360 of them, but now it turned out that there are almost twice as many of them - 686, and 113 of them are in unsatisfactory condition. I instruct you to complete the work by the end of the first quarter, I ask you to join the control of our deputies, the Council of Veterans, and the activists of the movement “For the Revival of the Urals.” I don’t see any difficulty in putting things in order in this matter.”

It is clear that all this is not only in honor of May 9, but also in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory. And it’s a really necessary thing, and more necessary for us, those who know this war only from films and history textbooks. To remember. For a person lives as long as the memory of him lives. Remember your heroes, the people of the Urals, who not only fought, but also did everything in the rear so that the country would win.

I don't know many monuments dedicated to the war. Unfortunately. But here are the ones that first come to mind when it comes to Tankograd:

1. "Sister"

It was opened in 2005 on the 60th anniversary of the Victory as a sign of gratitude to all the women who fought and saved the lives of soldiers. In Russia, this is one of the few monuments dedicated to nurses at the front.

2. Monument to the IS-3 tank

ISs were popularly called “pikes.” In fact, the IS-3 did not participate in large-scale battles of the Great Patriotic War and World War II, because it went into mass production at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant at the very end of the war. But Stalin’s “pikes” were in the Victory Parade in Berlin and Potsdam. By the way, in Chelyabinsk the IS monument was erected on the 20th anniversary of the Victory.

3. Monument to home front workers "Katyusha" in the park near the Palace of Culture. Kolyushchenko

Installed in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Victory. Chelyabinsk is directly related to the production of legendary artillery systems. In the fall of 1941, the plant named after. Kolyushchenko was ordered to urgently launch the production of Katyusha rocket launchers and shells for them, for which equipment from various enterprises in the country arrived in the city. There was not enough factory space for this, so additional premises were allocated on Zheleznodorozhnaya Street and a building located on the corner of Elkina and Truda streets.

The Kolyushchentsy placed the arriving workers in apartments and together began to prepare for the production of weapons for the Red Army. They worked for 15-18 hours to install the equipment. Many never left the factory at all. Workshop No. 3 was built on its territory, where the final assembly of Katyushas was carried out. At the beginning of 1942, the first Chelyabinsk Katyusha rocket launchers, covered with a tarpaulin, came out of the gates of workshop No. 5 and were sent to the front.

4. Monument to Defenders of the Fatherland

It was opened in 1975, on the 30th anniversary of the Victory, and is located in Victory Square at the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant.

5. Monument to tank crews near school No. 2 on the street. Ovchinnikova

One of the oldest monuments dedicated to the Victory and volunteer tankers of the Chelyabinsk region. In the building of secondary school No. 2 in 1942, the 96th Tank Brigade named after. Chelyabinsk Komsomol. In the fall of 1941, Komsomol members of the Chelyabinsk Abrasive Plant appealed to the youth of the region to organize a fundraiser to create a tank column named after the Chelyabinsk Komsomol. In a short time, more than 11.5 million rubles were collected. The 96th Volunteer Tank Brigade entered combat in the summer of 1942 on the left bank of the Don. She took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, the Battle of Kursk, the liberation of Belgorod, Kharkov and other cities.

6. Soviet Icarus

Monument to graduates of the Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators (CHVVAUSH), who fell in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. During the war years, the school graduated 10 thousand aviation specialists, 41 graduates were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The monument was erected on the central alley, on the territory of the school on October 1, 1966. The inscription on the pedestal: “Eternal Glory to the students of the school who died in battles for the Soviet Motherland.”

The city of Chelyabinsk has a rich history, a special page of which was the years of the Great Patriotic War. As a rear city, Chelyabinsk played an important role in the victory over fascism. After all, it was here, in just 33 days, that mass production of T-34 tanks was mastered and established, and their assembly was put on the assembly line. It is no coincidence that during the war the city was called Tankograd. Today, memorials and monuments on its streets and squares testify to the exploits of Chelyabinsk residents.

Monument to Volunteer Tankmen

The main memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War was installed in Chelyabinsk on Myasnaya Square. It was here, on May 9, 1943, that volunteers going to the front - soldiers of the 63rd volunteer Chelyabinsk Tank Brigade of the Volunteer Ural Tank Corps - swore an oath to their fellow countrymen. This memorial, made by the sculptor L. Golovnitsky in collaboration with the architect E. Alexandrov, is a unique symbol of the unity of the rear and the front.

And next to the five-meter bronze figure of a volunteer tanker calling with a wave of his hand into battle, an “Eternal Flame” was installed in memory of the fallen heroes.

Chelyabinsk "Eternal Flame"

The “Eternal Flame” in Chelyabinsk was lit in honor of the 20th anniversary of the victory, in honor of those Chelyabinsk residents who did not return home from the war. A large cast-iron star, in the center of which a fire always burns, is framed by a wreath of laurel and oak leaves. Here, on the granite slabs, are carved the names of the South Urals, 250 heroes who died liberating their land from the enemy. Among them are holders of the Order of the Red Banner and Heroes of the Soviet Union.

There are also monuments in Chelyabinsk reminiscent of other wars in which its inhabitants died.

Monument "Eaglet"

Thus, the famous monument “Eaglet” is dedicated to Komsomol members, heroes of the Civil War in the Urals. It was installed on the day of the 40th anniversary of the Lenin Komsomol, in 1958, on the Scarlet Field of Chelyabinsk. Subsequently, it was recognized as one of the best monuments of Russian sculpture, for which its creator, sculptor L.N. Golovnitsky, was awarded the Lenin Komsomol Prize.

Monument to "Valiant Sons of the Fatherland"

And in memory of the Urals, who at different periods died in armed conflicts and local wars, a memorial to the “Valiant Sons of the Fatherland” was erected in Chelyabinsk. It is a sculptural composition that consists of two huge granite blocks, 7 and 10 meters high, symbolizing a mountain gorge, as well as a bronze eagle sitting on its top with proudly outstretched wings, symbolizing military glory and honor.

This majestic monument weighing 180 tons is located on the Walk of Fame, next to the Eternal Flame and the monument to volunteer tankers.

Memorial "Soldiers of Law and Order" in Chelyabinsk

And not so long ago, a memorial was inaugurated in Chelyabinsk in memory of Chelyabinsk law enforcement officers who died in the line of duty. The monument was called “Soldiers of Law and Order,” and its opening was timed to coincide with the Day of Internal Affairs Officer.

The memorial is a four-meter sculpture of a Chelyabinsk policeman covering a child with his hand. And behind it are slabs with the names of fallen law enforcement officers and residents of the Chelyabinsk region carved on them. The memorial is located near the building of the local history museum.

Monument "Tale of the Urals"

Created on the basis of P. Bazhov’s fairy tales, the monument “The Tale of the Urals” is a powerful 12-meter stone sculpture of a giant with a huge belt - a symbol of the Urals (the name “Ural” is translated from Bashkir as “belt”). In the hands of the giant is a huge hammer - evidence of the labor merits of the South Ural residents.

This monument was erected on the station square as the personification of the power and strength of the Southern Urals in 1967.

Monument to Kurchatov in Chelyabinsk

In Chelyabinsk there is also an original monument to the famous nuclear scientist Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov, who discovered the fission of the atomic nucleus. It was installed on the border of Lenin Avenue and Chelyabinsk Park named after Yuri Gagarin for the 250th anniversary of the city, in 1986.

The originality of this monument lies in its extraordinary lighting. Indeed, according to the idea of ​​the author, sculptor Vardkes Avakyan, in the evening the atomic nucleus and the monument itself were to be illuminated thanks to the installed lamp from the aircraft. True, for some technical reasons this design ceased to function soon after its opening, but 20 years later, in 2006, the illumination of the atom and the entire memorial was restored and even supplemented. So in the evening this monument looks especially impressive.

"Sphere of Love"

This sculptural and landscape composition, beloved by Chelyabinsk residents, is installed in the center of Chelyabinsk, not far from the Kinomax-Ural complex. Since 2000, wedding processions have stopped here. To the accompaniment of romantic music, newlyweds take an oath of fidelity and love to each other. This is such a beautiful tradition.

Monument to the Professional Beggar

But those who want to improve their material well-being come to the sculpture of a professional beggar and put money in his bronze cap. Chelyabinsk residents believe that if you do this from the heart, and even stroke the bald head of the sculpture, the Lord will send good luck and prosperity.

Chelyabinsk, an industrial city with a million population in the Southern Urals, has experienced many historical events since the first days of its foundation in 1736, and its streets have witnessed multiple changes of eras. Now this is reminded by numerous monuments installed in squares and parks.

The most fabulous

As soon as they get off the train and find themselves at the railway station, city guests can already see some of the monuments of Chelyabinsk. Most likely, what will immediately catch your eye is a majestic bearded figure, reminiscent of both an epic hero and a fairy-tale Santa Claus. This is the monument “The Tale of the Urals”, created based on the work of P. P. Bazhov and installed on the station square in the late 1960s. Currently, the twelve-meter monument is one of the symbols of the city. And the funny resemblance to Santa Claus was noticed by Chelyabinsk social activists, as a result of which a tradition arose of dressing the statue in a giant New Year's caftan for the holiday, which even ended up in the Russian book of records.

Difficult era

There are many monuments on the map of Chelyabinsk dedicated to the 1917 revolution and the civil war that followed it. They exist here along with the streets and squares named after these events. One of them is located near Station Square and perpetuates the memory of the soldiers of the Czechoslovak Corps who fought on the side of the Entente in the First World War and were subsequently caught up in the 1917 revolution. Another, dating back to the same historical era, was installed at the Mitrofanovskoye cemetery. It marks the burial place of the remains of Red Army soldiers. Previously, at the beginning of the 20th century, the mass grave was located on Revolution Square, then it was moved to its current location. Due to its remoteness, the monument is little known to townspeople.

Captured Hero

The famous monument to Eaglet in Chelyabinsk, created through the efforts of sculptor L. N. Golovnitsky and architect E. V. Alexandrov. The monument was erected in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Komsomol organization in 1958. It is dedicated to young revolutionaries and represents the figure of a teenager with his hands tied behind his back, dressed in an oversized overcoat, a hat and heavy boots. Adult military clothing of that time creates an expressive contrast with the half-childish appearance of the young man, conveying the romantic image of a brave and irreconcilable fighter.

Contrary to popular belief, the monument was not at all the “result of inspiration” of its authors by the famous song “Eaglet”, written by Ya. Shvedov and V. Bely. Erected after the end of the Great Patriotic War, the monument perpetuated the memory of all young heroes. The creative prize of the Chelyabinsk region, awarded in 1967-1990 for achievements in the field of art, literature, journalism, architecture, teaching, science and technology, was named in his honor. The Eaglet monument is widely known beyond its borders. Over the years, various social events have taken place near it, as well as informal youth gatherings. Today it is included in the register of “Cultural Heritage of the Russian Federation” and is rightfully considered a remarkable monumental work of the Soviet era.

Available in every city

Another echo of the relatively recent historical past is the monument to Lenin in Chelyabinsk, created in 1959 by sculptors L. Golovnitsky and V. Zaikov. Installed on an unusual granite pedestal in the form of stands (designed by architect E.V. Alexandrov), the 17.5-meter-high bronze monument rises above Revolution Square in the city center.

This monument is one of the most recognizable places in Chelyabinsk. Parades and rallies take place near it, and personal meetings are scheduled. In the fall, an official celebration in honor of the city’s birthday is held on the square opposite the monument, and in the winter there is a children’s theater. Nearby is the Chelyabinsk Drama Theater, as well as the pedestrian Kirovka Street, famous for its sculptures.

Difficult and heroic years

Many monuments in Chelyabinsk are dedicated to the events of 1941-1945. In addition to the traditional eternal flame on the Walk of Fame in the city center, there are various monumental compositions in other areas. For example, the monument to “Defenders of the Fatherland”, which includes a metal-clad pedestal with a bas-relief depicting the head of a soldier, as well as free-standing rectangular columns on which are inscribed the names of Chelyabinsk citizens who died for their homeland.

In other areas of the city, separate monuments to fallen tank crews and pilots were erected. The touching monument “Sister”, dedicated to the feats of women in the war: nurses, signalmen, fighters and intelligence officers, deserves special attention. The work of sculptor A. L. Tishin, depicting a seated young woman in military uniform, was installed in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Victory in a small park on the avenue of the same name. The special value of the monument is that it is one of the few of its kind in Russia.

Another piercingly emotional monument is also dedicated to women, but not those who fought, but those who were waiting for soldiers from the war. The monument “Memory” (“Grieving Mothers”) is located at the Forest Cemetery. It was installed in honor of the 30th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War and represents two female figures holding the helmet of a fallen warrior in their hands. Sculptors L.N. Golovnitsky and E.E. Golovnitskaya, architects Yu.P. Danilov and I.V. Talalai worked on the work.

Many wartime monuments are dedicated to military equipment that participated directly in battles or in These structures are located in several places in the urban area, which during the war was called Tankograd and was one of the strongholds of rear production. Now the monuments in Chelyabinsk dedicated to the IS-3 tank (on Komsomolskaya Square) and the legendary Katyusha artillery installation (in the park near the Kolyushchenko Palace of Culture) remind us of that difficult time.

Internationalist soldiers

Among the military-themed buildings in Chelyabinsk, there was a place for monuments in honor of soldiers who died in battles on foreign soil. These include the monument to “Soldiers of the Undeclared War,” opened in 2009 in the park on the Metallurgists Highway and dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. Another monument called “Valiant Sons of the Fatherland” is dedicated to all internationalist soldiers and is located in the city center near the Eternal Flame. The composition created by sculptor V.F. Mitroshin and architect N.N. Semeykin is very interesting: an eagle soaring over a rocky gorge is a symbol of military valor and honor. The monument was erected in 2004.

Monuments in honor of outstanding figures of art and science occupy a special place in the city’s architecture. Among them, one can highlight the monument to Kurchatov, located at the intersection of the central Lenin Avenue and Lesoparkovaya Street. Chelyabinsk celebrated its 250th anniversary in 1986. On this occasion, the city authorities decided to erect a monument to the outstanding nuclear physicist, whose homeland was the town of Sim in the Chelyabinsk region.

The architectural and sculptural composition, the authors of which were the artist V. A. Avakyan, as well as the architects B. V. Petrov, V. L. Glazyrin and I. V. Talalay, is distinguished by the originality of the idea and the complexity of its execution. The statue of the scientist standing on a pedestal reaches a height of 11 meters. It is surrounded on both sides by two pylons, each 27 meters high, on which hemispheres are attached, symbolizing a split atom. And in the evenings, beautiful modern lighting highlights the original monument to Kurchatov against the dark sky. Chelyabinsk is rightfully proud of this building, the place around which has always been a favorite meeting place for students, couples, and athletes. A few steps from the monument there are sports grounds and an indoor athletics complex. Unfortunately, at present it is almost impossible to get close to the monument: since 2014, long-term construction has begun around it. Residents and guests of the city have to admire its beauty from afar.

The most famous poet

Chelyabinsk honors not only outstanding scientists. There is also a monument to Pushkin (of the most classic appearance) in the Ural city. It is located in the city garden named after the great poet. In addition to the monument, there is also a children's playground with colorful wooden sculptures based on the famous fairy tales of the Russian classic. A street, a city garden, a central library and a cinema are named in his honor in Chelyabinsk.

Conclusion

No less interesting than the statues and monuments are the various monuments, the oldest of which date back to the first half of the 19th century. The most famous examples: the trading house of the merchant M.F. Valeev, the store of the Yaushev brothers, a water tower and an elevator. All historical and architectural monuments of Chelyabinsk are associated with different time periods, which makes them valuable from local history and tourist points of view.

Important symbols of military glory are monuments to armed defenders of the Fatherland.

The practice of erecting monuments to perpetuate the memory of important events arose in ancient times. The most common type were sculpted figures or groups. In the Russian Empire, most of the monuments were statues in honor of heroes, generals, emperors, as well as cathedrals, churches and chapels.

In the first years of Soviet power, monuments to its leaders and national heroes reflected the revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses.

Almost no monuments dedicated to the Civil War, the heroism of the Red Army soldiers and built immediately in hot pursuit have survived. Therefore, many were built mainly after the Great Patriotic War.

Monuments in honor of the heroes and heroic events of the Great Patriotic War began to be created back in wartime, but they began to be especially actively erected on anniversaries.

Monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are available in all corners of our country, and not just where battles took place. All over Russia, in cities and small villages, there are obelisks to soldiers who gave their lives for their Motherland.

Many monuments to Soviet soldiers were erected on the territory of states that the Soviet army liberated from the Nazis.

Huge memorial complexes with the Eternal Flame, dedicated to the heroism of Soviet military personnel, were opened in hero cities.

Attention to the heroic events (past and present) of our army and navy continues today. In honor of the military personnel who died in peacetime while defending the interests of Russia, monuments and memorial signs are erected in cities and villages.

The symbolic significance of monuments lies in those numerous traditions and rituals that create a sense of patriotism and a willingness to honestly perform military duty.

Conclusion

The internal troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs have a glorious military past, which is deservedly appreciated by the country. Of no small importance in shaping the fighting qualities of military personnel and instilling in them a sense of patriotism is the military uniform, symbols and rituals of the internal troops. Neglect of the historical past, ignoring the significance of military uniforms, disrespect for insignia and rituals leads not only to violations of military discipline, but also to a decrease in the moral and psychological stability of military personnel, a weakening of military spirit and, as a result, affects the combat readiness of troops.

Literature

1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 1994 No. 442 “On state awards of the Russian Federation.”

2. Military encyclopedic dictionary. - M., 2006