Air traffic control systems. Automated ATC systems (AS ATC)

Automated air traffic control systems

designed to ensure safety, improve efficiency and

regularity of aviation flights of various

departments in the area of ​​the airfield, on air routes

and in off-piste airspace by automating routine planning,

collection, processing and display of radar, aeronautical and meteorological information.

RLK - radar complex

PRL - primary radar

SSR - secondary radar

equipment

primary

processing

radar

information

equipment

broadcasts

information

TsUVD - air traffic control center

PP - flight plans

Aerodrome-district automated air traffic control system "Alpha"

ARAS ATC "Alpha" is intended for ATC centers with high and medium air traffic intensity.

ARAS ATC "Alpha" is built on the basis of mass-produced unified products, which are the basis for the main subsystems of ARAS. ARAS ATC "Alpha" is certified by the International Aviation Committee and recommended by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation for equipping civil aviation enterprises. Currently used in more than 180 ATC centers in Russia and abroad.

Features of technical solutions of ATC ATC "Alpha":

The use of standardized products to build a system, providing the ability to create a configuration of any complexity in the shortest possible time, its subsequent expansion and modification;

Maximum use of universal hardware and computer technology of wide application from the world's leading manufacturers;

Multi-platform Windows/Linux/MSWS software;

100% duplication and redundancy of all subsystems and their segments;

Automated technical management and control;

Implementation of interface with all Russian complexes and systems for supporting flight operations and air traffic control that are in operation;

Possibility of interfacing with imported and advanced systems using standard protocols and interfaces (ASTERIX, ARINC, OLDI, QSIG, MFC-R2, etc.);

Protection against unauthorized access according to class 1B and level 2 control of undeclared capabilities.

Main functions of ATC ATC "Alpha":

- processing of radar and coordinate information;

- processing of planned information;

- dispatch communications;

- reception, transmission and exchange of information and data;

- display of air conditions;

- documenting information;

- education and training;

Complex of air traffic control automation equipment (ATC ATC) "Alpha-3"

KSA ATC "Alpha-3" provides reception, processing, display and integration of information about the air situation, planned, meteorological and aeronautical information on displays high resolution workplaces for ATM specialists. The complex automates the processes of air situation analysis, ATC procedures and control panel operations.

Sources of information can be all types of radar stations and direction finders, weather stations and complexes, satellite navigation and air traffic control systems (AZN-B, ADS-K), ground telegraph channels and digital lines.

Server (duplicate)

Air traffic controller's workstation with radar (duplicate)

ATC dispatcher's workstation, RP without radar

Diagnostics and management workstation

LAN equipment

Spare parts kit

Functionality

The Alpha-3 complex has a modular architecture that provides 100% redundancy. KSA ATC "Alpha-3" provides:

- multi-window graphical interface that complies with modern Eurocontrol recommendations

- display of analog and digital trajectory information, as well as flight data, on the screen

- tracking targets via primary and secondary channels

- construction of smoothed motion trajectories aircraft combining data from several information sources

- automatic entry into aircraft escort upon receipt of flight information

- interface with air traffic planning system

- aircraft position forecasting

- detection and signaling of conflict situations and violations of the minimum safe height

- display of color map information, display of signs of distress and emergency situations

- the ability for the dispatcher to quickly change the type of information on the monitor

- automated coordination between ATC sectors

- automated coordination between systems of adjacent ATC centers

- emergency and functional light and sound alarms

- documentation and archiving of information with the ability to quickly search and view, as well as its output to external digital documentation systems

- protection of information from unauthorized access

- additional service functions (notebook, specialized calculator, signaling of timed events, display reference information and so on.).

Main technical characteristics:

1. Radar sources:

ORL-T: 1RL-139, 1L-118, "Skala", "Utes-T", "Koren-AS", "Krona", MVRL-SVK, "Rainbow"ORL-A: DRL-7SM, "Irtysh" , "Ekran-85", "Ural", "Lira-A"

RTS: RSBN-4N, RSP-6M2, RSP-10MN, "PULSAR-N", "Sonar"

ORL-T: "Lira-T"

ORL-A: "Ekran-1AS", "Lira-A10"

2. ARP sources: ARP-75, ARP-95, ARP "Platan"

3. Sources of weather information: KRAMS, MeteoServer, AMIS RF

4. Interfaces for interaction with RTO tools: S-2, Asterix, PRIOR

5. Number of tracked targets: up to 300

6. Number of tracked targets in auto-tracking mode: up to 100 7. Information display means: color LCD

monitors with a diagonal of 19", with a resolution of at least 1280x1024

Complex of means of transmitting radar, direction finding, voice and control information (KSPI) "Ladoga"

KSPI "Ladoga" is designed to collect, process and transmit data from radar stations, direction finders and transceiver centers via communication channels (lines) to air traffic control centers,

A also for data exchange between air traffic control centers.

IN Depending on the communication channels (lines) used, the complex has three versions:

For physical lines

For radio channel (wireless communication lines)

For trunk communication channels

IN The complex includes from 1 to 8 stations for transmitting data from information sources and from 1 to 8 stations for receiving data with subsequent transmission to consumers.

The Ladoga complex ensures the transfer of digitized data from the following information sources:

Primary and secondary route radars

Primary and secondary channels of airfield radars

Landing radars

RSP complexes

Automatic direction finders

Meteorological information complexes

Planning information systems

Sources of information from ANS PD and TS networks

Sources of voice information for command radio communications and telephone communications

Sources of diagnostic and control information

The complex ensures the integration of dispersed systems and automation equipment for air traffic control and air traffic control, as well as the organization of data exchange between air traffic control centers of united areas and enlarged centers.

Main technical characteristics

1. Data transfer modes: point-to-point (simplex), point-to-point (duplex), star (1 transmitter, multiple receivers)

2. Capacity by types of information, channels:

analog radar information: up to 2 digital radar information: up to 16 direction-finding information (ARC channels): up to 16 voice information: up to 32 control information (TU/TS): up to 16

3. Supported interfaces:

analog radar information: 1RL-138, 1L-118, "Ekran-85" (and its modifications), TRLK-11, "Irtysh", DRL-7SM, "Ural" digital radar information: APOI "Vuoksa", "PRIOR" , VIP-118, "Cold Sky", KORS, LADOGARadio direction-finding information: ARP-75, ARP-95, "Platan" voice information channels: 2-4-wire PM channels

data channels: RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, V.35, G.703, G.703.1, Frame-Relay

ANS PD and TS networks: MTK-2, X.25

4. Provides information transmission over a distance: for a radio channel - 25 km, for physical lines - 8 km, for trunk channels - without limitation

5. Switching between communication channels: automatic, multiplexed, manual

Information server (IS) "Ladoga-IS"

IS "Ladoga-IS" is intended for collecting, processing, combining and transmitting information coming from radar stations, direction finders and transceiver centers via communication channels (lines) to air traffic control centers, as well as for data exchange between air traffic control centers.

The IS is a key element of the ATM data exchange network (ATN). The Ladoga-IS information server is a modification of the Ladoga complex of means for processing radar, direction finding, voice and control information.

Basic information

Air traffic control is the responsibility of the state. In Russia, ATC functions are assigned to the bodies of the Unified Air Traffic Control System (US ATC).

In recent years the term has often been used Air traffic management and abbreviations ATS, ATM, EU ATM. In English-language sources the term is used Air Traffic Control (ATC) or Air Traffic Management (ATM).

ES ATC includes a wide network of control points: district centers (RC) of ATC on air routes, airport control towers (ACP), local control towers (ACP), etc.

When aircraft follow airlines, separation is applied.

Air traffic control system- an automated service provided by ground services for air traffic control (see air traffic controller).

The task of the system is to guide aircraft through its area of ​​responsibility in such a way as to prevent their dangerous approach horizontally and vertically. The secondary task is to regulate the flow of aircraft and communicate the necessary information to the crews, including weather reports and navigation parameters.

In many countries, ATC regulates all classes of aircraft - private, civil and military. Depending on each specific flight and type of vessel, the air traffic control system can give various instructions that must be followed by the crew of this vessel, or simply provide the necessary flight information (including advisory information). In any case, the crew is responsible for the safety of their flight and may deviate from the instructions received in emergency situations.

Air traffic control complex- a set of services, structures and technical means on the territory of the airfield, designed to directly support the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft (airplanes, helicopters and gliders).

1. Air traffic management service (ATM). Workstations of personnel (air traffic controllers), equipped with one or another equipment (from binoculars and a radio station to automated workstations based on high-speed computing systems), are located in the building of the command and control tower (CPC), which is usually located near the apron at the point with good review the entire airfield, runways, taxiways and parking areas, and at a number of airfields - additionally in the buildings of launch control towers (TCP) located near the ends of the runway.

2. Electro-radio technical flight support service - radio technical complexes that allow aircraft crews to communicate with the ground, determine their location in a particular coordinate system and maintain specified maneuvering trajectories in the area of ​​​​a given airfield, as well as approach, landing, take-off and exit from airfield area. Typically includes:

  • radio stations of various powers and ranges;
  • radar stations;
  • ground components of navigation systems;
  • radio equipment for landing approach.

3. Flight electrical lighting service: lighting equipment for runways and taxiways.

4. Meteorological service. Equipment for monitoring the actual weather at the airfield with the subsequent transmission of this data (via ATIS, VOLMET and other radio channels) to the crews of aircraft taking off or landing at the airfield, and to air traffic controllers. At small airfields, meteorological equipment (sensors for measuring wind parameters, horizontal visibility, cloudiness, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc.) are located at the weather site near the control tower, and at large airfields - at several points on the airfield (at the ends of the runway , near the middle of the runway, etc.).

5. Navigation service.

6. Aeronautical information service.

An important component of the information support of the air traffic control complex is the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network (AFTN).

see also

Links

  • Moscow Center for Automated Air Traffic Control
  • State Corporation for Air Traffic Management in the Russian Federation
  • Federal aviation rules for flights in the airspace of the Russian Federation
  • Air traffic control tower at Domodedovo International Airport
  • ORDER OF ROSAERONAVIGATION DATED 10.26.2007 N 105 ON APPROVAL OF THE LIST OF ZONES, REGIONS AND SECTORS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

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Principles of building an air traffic control (ATC) system.

ATC in our country organizes, plans, coordinates the movement of aircraft flying or moving along the airfield in connection with takeoff and landing operations. The ultimate goal of ATC is to ensure the safety, regularity and efficiency of flights. According to the USSR Air Code, ATC was entrusted to the bodies of the Unified Air Traffic Control System (US ATC) and departmental control bodies within the limits of the areas and zones established for them. In the current management system, the leading role belongs to the EC ATC. It was created in the early 70s. By this time, the density and intensity of air traffic in the country had reached such a level that the control of flights of civil and military aircraft, which operate practically in the same airspace, their coordination and coordination from control points belonging to various departments, became difficult. Security interests required the unification of civilian and military air traffic control authorities, which was carried out within the framework of the EU air traffic control system.

The EU ATC authorities were entrusted with organizing the use airspace for flights of civil and military aircraft and other types of activities related to the use of airspace, including the definition of air routes, local air lines (ALL), airfield areas and other elements of the airspace structure to ensure a unified technical policy of ATC, the introduction of automated systems, etc. Operational bodies - UATCS centers (main, zonal, district), consisting of civil and military sectors, carry out planning, coordination of air traffic, and district, in addition, direct air traffic control. At the same time, the civilian sectors manage the flights of all aircraft on the country’s air routes and international international routes of the first category, and the military sectors manage the flights of aircraft on routes laid outside the air routes and international routes.

Departmental civil and military bodies of the ATC (control and command posts for various purposes), which are not members of the EU ATC, operate in close cooperation with the operational bodies of the EU ATC. They control air traffic in the areas of airfields (air hubs), including the approach and landing of aircraft, their takeoff and departure from the areas of airfields (air hubs) onto the country's air routes, international flights or other routes. The competence of departmental air traffic control bodies also includes air traffic control during flights on international airlines of the second category, in areas of aviation operations, etc. The operational management process includes planning, coordination and direct air traffic control. Air traffic planning is carried out taking into account the capacity of the airspace, airfields and the capabilities of air traffic control units in providing control.

There are preliminary planning - a few days before the day of flight for drawing up flight schedules, aircraft traffic flows, airfield use schedules, etc., daily planning - on the eve of the day of flights and current in the process of executing the daily flight plan to adjust the flight conditions of individual aircraft . Coordination consists of coordinating aircraft flights with other types of activities in the airspace, simultaneous flights of aircraft of various departments in the relevant areas and zones, including the redistribution of aircraft traffic flows along the country’s air routes, international flights, etc.

Direct air traffic control begins from the moment the aircraft engines start (taxiing, towing) and continues until they are turned off after taxiing to the parking lot. Direct air traffic control includes:

1) information from aircraft crews about weather conditions and the air situation in the flight area, about the state of airfields, the operation of communications and radio technical support for flights and landings, the transmission of other data necessary for the safe operation of the flight;

2) prevention of dangerous approaches and collisions of aircraft in flight and with obstacles at the airfield through their separation (dispersal) in motion at safe intervals established by ATC rules;

3) taking timely measures to provide assistance to the crew of an aircraft in distress or encountering special cases in flight that threaten their safety;

4) notification of authorities carrying out search and rescue and emergency rescue operations about aircraft in distress or in distress. Direct air traffic control, depending on the technical equipment, is carried out: in the presence of continuous radar control of flights, in compliance with the principle “I see, I hear, I control,” and in the absence of such control, in compliance with the principle “I hear, I control.”

Flights without radio communications are not permitted. It is mandatory for aircraft to maintain constant radio contact with air traffic control authorities. If communication is disrupted, the aircraft commander and the air traffic control unit are required to take immediate measures to restore it. If it is impossible to restore communication, they must act in accordance with the rules established for such cases, compliance with which ensures the prevention of a collision of this aircraft with other aircraft and its landing at the main or alternate aerodrome.

Direct air traffic control of all aircraft in a certain area or zone is carried out by only one air traffic control unit. The transfer of direct air traffic control from one air traffic control unit to another is carried out at established boundaries, determined, as a rule, at the boundaries of their respective regions and zones.

Ensuring order and safety in air traffic is achieved through the transmission to aircraft commanders of control clearances and instructions regarding course, altitude (flight level) and flight speed. They are mandatory. In the event of a clear threat to flight safety, as well as in order to save the lives of people on board the aircraft, its commander may make decisions regarding the continuation of the flight, deviating from dispatch instructions and permissions.

He is obliged to immediately report the actions taken to the air traffic control unit under whose direct control the aircraft is located. ATC as a form of supporting aircraft flights, in its approaches to solving the tasks assigned to it, differs significantly from air traffic services (ATS), recommended for these purposes by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). ATS is carried out in the form of either flight information, or advisory, or dispatch service, each of which can be an independent type of service. ATC, carried out in our country, is a common type of air traffic service for all aircraft. It is provided by various controls throughout the airspace.

At the same time, in the management process, all tasks that are defined for air traffic control are solved. ATC of foreign aircraft in the country's airspace along air routes and in areas of airfields allocated for international flights is generally carried out according to the same rules as ATC of national aircraft. Some features associated, in particular, with making decisions on departure, landing, etc., reflect the desire to ensure the greatest possible uniformity of the ATC rules in force for foreign aircraft with the standards and procedures recommended by ICAO.

ATC rules for foreign aircraft in the country's airspace are published in the Aeronautical Information Collection. In airspace areas above open sea, in which our country provides air traffic services on the basis of international agreements, ATC is carried out with some peculiarities. ATC of Russian aircraft is carried out to the same extent as during flights in the country's airspace. ATC of foreign aircraft is carried out in the manner recommended by ICAO. On international air routes they are provided with flight information and dispatch services, as well as emergency alerts; in the rest of the airspace - flight information services and emergency alerts. ATC in the airspace of the country for domestic aircraft is carried out in Russian, and for foreign aircraft - in English or Russian, if there is an appropriate agreement on this with the state of registration of the aircraft.

Purpose and main tasks of the ATC system. The structure of airspace and the procedure for its use. Flight safety rules. Air traffic control rules. Full cycle of aircraft motion control. The relationship between navigation and air traffic control systems in ensuring air traffic safety. The concept of the capacity of the airfield area and routes. Air traffic management processes and its automation. Classification of air traffic management processes. Generalized technology for planning dispatchers. Generalized technology of air traffic controller work. Basic ICAO requirements for automation of ATC processes.

ATC systems are complex hierarchical automated systems.

Main features of complex systems. ATC systems are hierarchical systems. Statement of the problem of optimization of processes in the air traffic control system.

Indicators of the quality of functioning of the ATC system. Modeling of basic air traffic control processes. Elements of the theory of algorithms. The place and role of the dispatcher in the automated air traffic control system. Main features of ergatic systems. Methods for assessing the quality of functioning of ergatic systems. The need and stages of automation of air traffic control processes.

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