What is the name of the wooden stand on the deck of a ship for attaching cables. Main elements of the vessel

20.04.2020

Let's consider main elements of the vessel. A small vessel, like any transport vessel, consists of a hull (the vessel itself) and a superstructure or deckhouse. The hull of the ship is the main part, which includes the frame and plating. The set consists of longitudinal and transverse links that serve as the basis for the plating - the shell of the vessel, which provides the hull with water resistance and, together with the set, strength and rigidity. The outlines of the hull are usually smooth, with sharp points characteristic only of the bow and stern. The front end of the vessel is called the bow, and the rear end is called the stern; the sides, or walls of the hull - the right and left sides, when viewed from the stern. The part of the hull that is under water is called underwater, and above the water is called surface, the lower part of the hull is called the bottom, and the upper, horizontal part is called the deck. Small vessels, such as motorboats, may not have a deck.

Superstructure is a structure above the hull of a ship, which is a continuation of its sides, or a room located on the deck along the entire width of the ship (hull). A high and developed superstructure not only impairs the stability of the vessel, but also increases its windage - the effect of wind on the vessel.

The deckhouse is a separate part of the superstructure or structure on the deck, which does not occupy the entire width of the ship's hull (there are passages on the deck along the sides). On small vessels, the pilothouse is often referred to as the room for controlling the vessel and engine. Only large boats and motor yachts. On most powerboats, the superstructure and deckhouse are combined.

The bulwark is a lightweight structure - a continuation of the side above the deck in the bow and middle parts of the vessel. At the aft end, the bulwark is called a tailrail. The bulwark can be temporary (wooden or canvas), raised during rough seas, when passing rapids, sailing, etc.

Cockpit - a cutout or recess in the deck to accommodate people.

The engine well is a watertight structure at the transom of the vessel, forming a recess in the hull of the vessel and designed to accommodate an outboard motor and provide the required freeboard height.

A ship's hull set (see figure) is a structural design consisting of longitudinal and transverse links: keel, stem, sternpost.

The main structural elements of the hull of a vessel - boat

1 - deck flooring; 2 - beam; 3 - carlings; 4 - cockpit trim; 5 - slan; 6 - cockpit coaming;
7 - aft bulkhead; 8 - transom; 9 - motor niche; 10 - stem; 11 - keel;
12 - side (outer) plating; 13 - gunwale; 14 - zygomatic stringer; 15 - deck stringer; 16 - half beam; 17 - zygomatic book; 18 - side stringer.

The keel is the main longitudinal connection running along the entire length of the vessel from stem to sternpost in the form of a beam. The keel is an element that ensures the strength of the vessel.

The stem is a forward structural design (a continuation of the keel). This completes the set of the ship's hull from the bow. In small motor vessels, the stem is usually inclined, smoothly turning into the keel.

Sternpost - structural design of the stern end of the vessel (continuation of the keel). This ends the set. The sternpost can consist of two parts: the front one - the steering post, through which the propeller shaft passes, and the rear one - the rudder post, onto which the rudder is hung. On motorboats, there is a transom board (transom) at the stern.

Stringers are internal longitudinal connections for fastening the skin. They are divided into side and bottom - keelsons.

Carlings are longitudinal under-deck connections.

Frames are transverse side braces of the hull. The distance between two frames is called spacing. In a theoretical drawing, booms are called contours cross section vessel.

Beams are transverse under-deck connections of the deck. The hull of a small boat can be divided by transverse bulkheads, which are made watertight. Bulkheads extend to the deck or are of varying heights. The outermost bow part of the vessel between the stem and the first bow bulkhead is called the forepeak, the outermost aft compartment is the afterpeak.

Fender beam:

A longitudinal beam on the inside of the side of a wooden boat at the height of the waterline, and more often above it, connecting the upper ends of the frames of one side;

A wooden or metal beam installed outside the side to protect the ship from damage during impacts during mooring.

Gunwale - a flat beam covering the edge of the skin and the ends of the frames.

The shoulder is a longitudinal wooden rail on the outside of the sides, which acts as an external fender that serves to protect the sides from damage.

Coaming is a structure bordering a cutout in the deck to protect hatches and cockpits from being overwhelmed by water.

Slan, or payol - boards made of boards that are laid on the frames to protect them and the sheathing.

In addition to the hull, the small vessel has a number of devices: steering, mooring, anchor etc.

Alphabetical dictionary maritime terms.*

Introduction!

* The alphabetical dictionary contains all the terms that relate to this ship. You will find illustrations of almost all terms in 4 pages of drawings. The meanings of the numbers (from 1 to 152 in the drawings - are described in the list below the dictionary). All other illustrations have been added to the alphabetical dictionary.

Alphabetical dictionary of marine terms

Akhterlyuk - an opening in the deck behind the mainmast for loading cargo into the ship's aft hold.

Sternpost - (Gol. achtersteven, achter - rear, steven - stem, riser) - a beam installed in the rear of the keel vertically to it; The rudder is suspended from the sternpost. The sternpost consists of several parts: a halyard post, a star-bracket and filling trees - the stern deadwood.

Anaput - several cables secured in the drilled edge of the Martian platform and passing through a wooden block with holes - an anaput block. Necessary in order to avoid the topsails getting caught on the topsails. It was installed between the leading edge of the top and the forestay.

Buck - (Gol. bak) - a superstructure in the bow of the deck, reaching the stem. They used to call it Buck bow upper deck (in front of the foremast). Serves to protect the upper deck from being flooded by oncoming waves, increasing unsinkability, placing office premises etc. (topmost picture)

Backstays - standing rigging gear that supports spar trees, bokants, davits, topmasts, chimneys, etc. from the sides.

Bayfoot - a piece of cable covered with leather, with the help of which the yard or gaff is held in the girth of the mast or topmast. At the lower yards, the bayfoots are made of iron, with swivels.

Blocks - the simplest mechanisms used to lift heavy objects, as well as to change the direction of the cables when they are pulled. A device with a rotating wheel-pulley inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.

Blinda-ray - spar on the bowsprit. They abandoned the use of blinds back in the eighteenth century. Sometimes now, instead of a blind-yard, two branches are installed - a blind-gaff.

Bitt - 1. A wooden or metal stand on the deck of a ship for attaching cables. The anchor chain is wrapped around the biting, which reduces the speed of the anchor recoil. 2. With dowel strips - for fastening running rigging.

Brig - two-masted sailing ship of the 18th-19th centuries. with direct sailing equipment for patrol, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament 10-24 guns. Crew up to 120 people.

Bras - running rigging gear attached to the ends of the yardarms and used to rotate the yardage horizontal plane(throw the yard).

Bom- belonging to the penultimate level of the spar tree.

Bom-fitter - spar that serves as a continuation I eat ironmongery.

Bom jib - the first forward sail from the top in front of the foremast (the forward-most jib).

Board - side of the ship.

Bram- belonging to the highest level of the spar tree.

Topmast - a spar that serves as a continuation of the topmast and extends upward from it.

Bowline - tackle, which is used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail so that the ship can sail steeply into the wind.

Bowsprit - a spar mounted on the bow of the ship horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (about 35 degrees). The standing rigging of the topmasts of the front mast, as well as the rigging of the slanting sails - jibs, is attached to the bowsprit. On large ships the bowsprit was made composite: the continuation of the bowsprit is the jib, and the continuation of the jib is the boom-jib.

Bay - rope twisted in circles.

Buyrep - a cable attached to an anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (buoy) that indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.

Mizzen - a slanting sail placed on a mizzen mast, the upper luff of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower one is stretched along the boom with a mizzen sheet. The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spar, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen, in addition to the oblique sail, has straight sails. Then the yard will be called “begin-ray”, and the word “cruise” will be added to the parts of the spar located above the top platform and on the topmasts.

Guys - (Gol. - want) - standing ship rigging gear. They are made of steel or hemp cable and serve to strengthen the mast, being guys to the side and several to the stern.

Vant-putens - iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached externally to the side of the ship, and the upper end is laid behind the lower eyes. Not to be confused with puttens shrouds.

Water-wooling - fastening the bowsprit with the stem. In the old sailing fleet, cable or chain sails were made. On modern sailing ships replaced with iron yokes and brackets.

Wuling - a bandage that holds together several beams in the manufacture of lower masts and bowsprits. Usually consisted of five or six cable hoses laid around the mast. The distance between neighboring wulings was approximately 1 m.

Pennant - (Dutch - wimpel) - a long narrow flag with braids, hoisted on the mast of a warship on campaign.

Vyblenki - pieces of thin cable tied across the cables and acting as steps when climbing the cables to masts and topmasts.

Shot - a horizontal spar suspended underwater perpendicular to the side of the ship. The shots are designed to carry the sail overboard, secure the boats and create appropriate spacing for the rigging.

Displacement - weight of the ship in tons, i.e. the amount of water displaced by the submerged part of the ship's hull.

Tacks - simple cables used to pull the clew or tack angles of oblique sails to the bow and secure them.

Gardel - running rigging gear on ships with direct sails, used for lifting the lower yards or gaffs.

Gaff - (Dutch - gaffel) (boom) - a spar tree, which at its lower end - the heel - has a fork - a mustache covering the mast. The whiskers allow you to raise the gaff along the mast or rotate the boom relative to it. The gaffs are used to fasten the upper luff of the trysails, and the booms are used to fasten the lower luff.

Latrine - nasal overhang, which was a continuation of the grep. Served mainly for decorative purposes and to support the bowsprit.

Gallery - aft decor, windows or open balconies as part of the living area of the captain's and officers' cabins. Typically richly decorated with the name of the ship inscribed.

Grotto-, Grotto- belonging to the main mast. (i.e. refers to the second mast from the front).

Grotto - 1. Common name the middle (highest) mast of sailing ships. 2. The straight sail, the lowest one on the second mast from the bow (main mast), is tied to the main yard. 3. A word added to the names of yards, sails and rigging located above the top of the mainmast.

Mainsail-bom-bramsel - the fourth sail from the bottom on the mainmast.

Mainsail topsail - the third straight sail from the bottom on the mainmast, raised on the topmast above the topsail.

Grotto Marseille - the second straight sail from the bottom on the mainmast, placed between the tops yard and the lower yard.

Main hatch - middle hatch on the deck of the ship.

Gitov - running rigging gear used for cleaning straight sails and trysails. The clews of straight sails pull the clew angles of the sail towards the yard. Git trysails pull the sail towards the gaff and mast.

Geek - a horizontal spar attached to the mast at a small height above the deck and with its free end facing the stern of the ship. The lower luff of the slanting sail is laced to the boom.

Guys - In Russia: a red flag with a blue St. Andrew's cross, bordered by white stripes, and a white straight cross. It rises on the bowsprit flagpole (from 8 a.m. to dusk) along with the stern flag, but only during anchorage.

Guys-stock - a stand on which the guy is raised.

Dirik-fal - running rigging gear used to lift the working end of the gaff.

Dryrep - 1. (mars-halyard) - gear for lifting the tops-yard. 2. a chain or wire rope attached to a yard and passed through a pulley to lift it. Every drirep usually ends with hoists called halyards. For example, the marsa-drayrep and the marsa-halyard together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.

Blockage-tali - tackle for holding the boom, preventing it from spontaneously being thrown to the other side at full heading.

Carronade - a short, light, large-caliber cast iron cannon.

Boat - boat with 2 masts and 10 oars.

Knecht - 1. on sailing ship a square-section beam used for traction and fastening of the ends and some gear of running rigging. 2. double metal stand for fastening mooring lines. It comes with a crossbar that helps hold the wound cable, called a bollard spreader.

Coffee dowel - rods made of hard wood or metal about 30 cm long. Insert into the holes of the dowel bar for fastening and laying running rigging gear.

Coffee strip - a wooden or metal beam with holes for dowel pins, attached horizontally to the deck at the masts and at the inside of the side.

Cleaver - an oblique triangular sail placed in front of the foremast. From the wall-rigging to the jib's foot there is a rail, along which the jib is raised and lowered. On a ship where there are three of them, the second sail from the mast is called the jib. The first is called a jib, and the third is a boom jib. Cleavers appeared in the 18th century

Stern - rear end of the ship. The stern is considered to be the part of the vessel from the very rear of it to the hatch closest to it or the end of the stern superstructure. (topmost picture)

Counter mizzen - gaff sail, behind the direct one on the mizzen mast. If there is a lower straight sail on the rear mast, it is called a mizzen. If there is no straight sail, the mizzen is called a gaff sail.

Kiel - (English - keel) - the main longitudinal connection of the ship, located along its entire length in the lower part along the center plane. On wooden ships, the keel consists of a beam protruding outwards, to which frames are attached. (second picture from top)

Keel blocks - two wooden stands, cut to the shape of the bottom of the boat. Boats are installed on them.

Knyavdiged - Ancient sailing ships have a protruding upper part of the cutwater. The upper part of the knyavdiged was decorated with a carved figure. (second picture from top)

Cathead - a beam with an attached bracket on which one or two blocks were placed, serving to lift the anchor.

Carriage - a wooden stand for holding a gun (gun), controlling and moving it along the deck.

Moose Stag - one of the double forestays along which a slanting sail runs.

Lopar - the running or outer end, both of hoists and of any tackle.

Lysel alcohols - thin spar trees on the fore- and main-yards and on the fore- and main-yards, used for staging foxels.

Hatches - openings in the decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.

Leer - a metal rod or tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable used for tying sails, tightening awnings, drying clothes, etc. Rails are also called ropes fixed to posts that replace the bulwark of a ship, and ropes stretched to prevent people from falling overboard during a storm.

Mast - vertical spar. Masts are used for installing sails, cargo booms, signaling and communication devices, for raising flag signals, etc.

Martin Geek - a spar tree, reinforced vertically under the bowsprit eselgoft with its tip down. Its upper end was forked. Serves for spreading water stays.

Mars - (mars platform) - a platform on the top of a composite mast, attached to the long salings and spreaders. On sailing ships it serves as a spacer for shrouds and as a place for some work when setting and cleaning the sails. Rangefinders and small-caliber guns were installed on the tops of warships.

Niral - the only jibs and staysails.

Nok - the end of a spar located horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane (boom, gaff, yard, etc.). In addition, the outer end of the bowsprit, jib and boom jib is called the nok.

Nagel - 1. A wooden nail used to fasten parts of wooden ships. 2. Block pulley axis.

ABOUT

Butt - a bolt in which instead of a head there is a ring or a forging with an eye in its upper part. Designed for attaching rigging hooks or block slings.

Deck - horizontal tier of the ship. Starting from the top, they had the following purposes: quarter-deck - an open deck for steering the ship; opera deck - upper battery deck; mid-deck - middle battery deck; orlop-deck - deck of residential and service premises; hold - the most lower deck. (topmost picture)

Sail - a fabric attached to an object (a spar) that is stretched relative to the wind so that its pressure creates a force that sets the object in motion.

Look at the name of each sail.

Water pump - ship pumps serving different purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.

A gun - onboard gun, the main charge, which is the core.

Perth - cables fixed under the yards on which people working on the yards stand.

Pyatners - a round or elliptical hole in the deck through which the mast passed, also the structure holding the end of the bowsprit.

Putens shrouds - 1. iron rods, the lower ends of which are located on the lower yoke yoke or under the yoke on a special shroud yoke. Then the shrouds are passed through the holes along the edge of the top, and their upper ends are completed with rings, to which the shrouds are attached with staples. (Ties running from the cables from under the top to its side edges; they serve to strengthen the edges of the top and prevent it from bending upward from the thrust of the wall-stays.) 2. special guys - similar to short, downward cables that are pulled from below puttens and attached to the side under the channels. Nowadays, when there are no longer channels on sailing ships, only these guys going down from the top platform are usually called puttens shrouds.

Spar - (from the Dutch "rondhout" - round tree) - on ships of the sailing fleet, the spar meant wooden or metal parts of the ships' armament, intended for carrying sails, performing cargo work, raising signals, etc. A collective word to designate all the wooden parts of the ship , such as: masts, topmasts, topmasts, yardarms, booms, gaffs, cargo booms, etc.

Raks-yoke - consist of 1-3 rows of wooden balls placed on cables that hold the horizontal spar to the vertical one.

Ray - a spar tree suspended from the middle using a bayfoot to a mast or topmast for setting sails or for attaching signal halyards.

Rowles - a roller cast from cast iron or turned from strong wood and freely rotating on an axis. The rollers are placed, for example, in bales or separately to guide the cable, to support steering rods, etc.

Rostra - a place on the deck where a spare spar is stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostra.

Tiller - (from Gol. - roerpen, roer - oar, steering wheel) - a lever fixed in the upper part of the steering wheel. Transmits torque from the force created by the steering machine or manually.

Rusleni - powerful beams along the outer sides of a sailing ship, located at the level of the upper deck opposite the masts. Serve for spacing the cables, which are attached to the sides by cable stays.

Rym - a strong iron ring set into a deck, side, or dock.

WITH

Saling - a wooden or steel structure that serves to connect the topmast with its continuation - the toptopmast, and the toptopmast with the boom topmast and for spreading the topmast and boom topstays to the sides. Saling is a frame of two longitudinal beams - longa-salings and two or three beams intersecting with longa-salings - spreaders. Salings are called depending on their belonging to one or another mast: fore-saling, main-saling and cruise-saling.

Wall- belonging to the topmast (i.e. to the second vertical spar from the bottom)

Topmast - (Dutch - steng) - a removable spar tree, which is a continuation of the ship's mast. Next comes the topmast, and then the toptopmast.

Rigging - the general name of all gear that generally constitutes the armament of a ship or the armament of a spar. The rigging that serves to hold the spar in the proper position is called standing, while the rest is called running.

Tali - a lifting device consisting of two blocks (movable and fixed), connected to each other by a cable, one end of which is fixedly fixed to one of the blocks.

Lanyard - a type of hoist or tension cable for pulling standing rigging or tightening cargo.

Topenant - running rigging tackle attached to the end of the yard and used to install the yard at one angle or another to the horizontal plane. Topenant is also called the tackle that supports the end of the cargo boom, boom, or gaff.

Top - the upper end of any vertical spar, such as a mast, topmast, flagpole.

Buoy - see buyrep.

Duck - a turned wooden strip or casting, fixedly fixed on the inside side of the side and deck for attaching the sheets of lower sails and trysails. Sometimes the ducks were placed on shrouds to which they were lashed.

Copper - a spar that serves as a continuation of the bowsprit.

Fal - tackle used for hoisting some yards, sails, signal flags, etc.

Flag - a rectangular panel made of light woolen fabric - flagduk - of different colors and serves as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, indicating which state the ship belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally appropriated.

Flagpole - the top of a mast or a special pole used to raise the flag .

Foca-, For- belonging to the foremast (i.e., the first mast at the front of the ship) A word added to the names of the yards, sails, and rigging located above the top of the foremast.

Forduns - standing rigging gear supporting topmasts, topmasts, etc. from the rear and sides. When there are two pairs of rigging supporting the same spar, the rigging attached closer to the bow is called backstays, and the rear ones are called forestays.

Fore-staysail, Fore-bom-topsail, Fore-topsail, Fore-topsail - view analogy with Grot-.

Fock - straight sail, the lowest one on the forward mast (foremast) of a ship. Attached to the fore-yard.

stem - a beam that forms the front end of the vessel (a continuation of the keel in the bow). (second picture from top)

Sheet - tackle attached to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew angle) and carried towards the stern of the vessel. The sheets hold the luff of the sail in the desired position. Sheets are also called gear attached to the upper corners of the emergency patch.

pendant - a short cable with a thimble or pulley used for lifting boats or cargo.

Spire - a large gate with a vertical axis used for raising the anchor (anchor capstan), removing the mooring lines, raising the yards, lifting and lowering boats.

Frame - rib of the ship's hull ( cross member body design). (second picture from top)

Stays - standing rigging gear that supports vertical spar trees in the longitudinal direction - masts, topmasts, etc.

Steering wheel - a wheel with handles that serves to control the steering wheel.

Sturtros - a cable founded between the wheel and the rudder, and passing through a series of fixed pulleys. Serves to transmit force from the steering wheel to the tiller, and through it to the steering wheel.

Ezelgoft - wooden or metal connecting clip with two holes. One hole is put on the top of the mast or topmast, and the topmast or topmast is shot (passed) through the second.

Ufers - a kind of round thick block with smooth holes called windows instead of pulleys. Rope lanyards are supported through the deadeyes.

Anchor - a forged metal projectile used to stop a ship by gripping it to the bottom of the sea. There are anchors different systems. Two anchors, always ready to release and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there are one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors, used to pull a vessel from place to place by delivery, are called verps. The heaviest verp is called a stop anchor.

Yal -

the boat is smaller in size than semi-longboats and has sharper contours. They are used for various purposes, mainly for mooring.