Gas pipelines of Russia: map and diagram. Gas pipelines from Russia to Europe

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Gas pipeline- an engineering structure designed to transport gas and its products (mainly natural gas) using a pipeline. Gas is supplied through gas pipelines and gas networks under a certain excess pressure.

Types of gas pipelines

Gas pipelines are divided into:

• Trunk gas pipelines are designed to transport gas over long distances. At certain intervals, gas compressor stations are installed on the pipeline to maintain pressure in the pipeline. At the final point of the main gas pipeline there are gas distribution stations where the pressure is reduced to the level necessary to supply consumers.
• Gas distribution network pipelines are designed to deliver gas from gas distribution stations to the end consumer.

According to pressure in the line:

Reserve gas pipelines are built for strategic reasons, to provide flexibility in loading gas carriers and to reduce the length of the transportation route.

Components of gas pipelines

The components of gas pipelines include:

Story

There are known cases of the use of gas in ancient China back in the 2nd-3rd century BC. e. Gas was supplied from the deposits through bamboo pipes for lighting and to generate heat, in particular to evaporate salt from the brine. The pipe joints were caulked with tow. Gas was supplied through them “by gravity”, i.e. due to the pressure of the gas source. The use of gas for lighting and heating in Europe began in the first half of the 19th century, and the first gas pipelines appeared at the same time. In St. Petersburg, the first gas plant (producing illuminating gas from imported coal) and distribution system were built in 1835, in Moscow - in 1865.

The costs of constructing and operating gas pipelines are high, so the first long-length gas pipelines appeared with the beginning of the exploitation of natural gas fields.

The first main gas pipeline in the USSR was the Saratov-Moscow gas pipeline, which went into operation in 1946.

The largest gas pipeline system in the world is the Unified Gas Supply System.

Gas pipelines

• Underwater gas pipeline Norway - UK (1200 km), Gassco company
• "Nabucco" (Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan - EU, 3300 km)

Russian main lines

• Nizhnyaya Tura - Perm - Gorky - Center (more than 1700 km, 1974)
• Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod (4451 km, 1983)
• Yamal - Europe (2000 km, 2006)
• Yamal - Europe 2 (projected)
• Dzhubga - Lazarevskoye - Sochi (166 km, underwater)
• "South Stream" (under construction, 900 km, underwater)
• "Blue Stream" (1213 km, 2003, underwater)
• "Nord Stream" (1200 km, underwater)
• "Power of Siberia" (projected)
• "Altai" (projected, 6700 km)

see also

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Literature

• Kudinov V.I."Fundamentals of oil and gas production", ed. "IKI", 2005, 720 pp., ISBN 5-93972-333-0.
• Shammazov A. M. and others. “History of the oil and gas industry in Russia”, Moscow, “Chemistry”, 2001, 316 pp., UDC 622.276, BBK 65.304.13, ISBN 5-7245-1176-2.
• Shukhov V. G.“Calculation of a gas pipeline” (technical documentation), 1920, Russian Academy of Sciences, fund No. 1508, inventory 1, file No. 18.
• "Industrial gas equipment": reference book, ed. E. A. Karyakina - 6th ed., revised. and additional - Saratov: Gazovik, 2013. - 1280 p.

Links

Notes

Main gas pipelines of Russia Export to Europe and Transcaucasia Import from Transcaucasia and Central Asia Export to Asia Other main gas pipelines see also

Geophysical exploration Oil and gas extraction methods Types of drilling rigs Transportation and processing Legal aspect Large TNCs and international organizations Commercial oil grades (Classification of oils) Types of raw materials Petroleum and gas products Excerpt describing the Gas Pipeline The second time, already at the end of the Battle of Borodino, having escaped from Raevsky’s battery, Pierre with crowds of soldiers headed along the ravine to Knyazkov, reached the dressing station and, seeing blood and hearing screams and groans, hastily moved on, getting mixed up in the crowds of soldiers. One thing that Pierre now wanted with all the strength of his soul was to quickly get out of those terrible impressions in which he lived that day, return to normal living conditions and fall asleep peacefully in his room on his bed. Only under ordinary conditions of life did he feel that he would be able to understand himself and all that he had seen and experienced. But these ordinary living conditions were nowhere to be found. Although cannonballs and bullets did not whistle here along the road along which he walked, on all sides there was the same thing that was there on the battlefield. There were the same suffering, exhausted and sometimes strangely indifferent faces, the same blood, the same soldiers' greatcoats, the same sounds of shooting, although distant, but still terrifying; In addition, it was stuffy and dusty. Having walked about three miles along the big Mozhaisk road, Pierre sat down on the edge of it. Dusk fell on the ground, and the roar of the guns died down. Pierre, leaning on his arm, lay down and lay there for a long time, looking at the shadows moving past him in the darkness. It constantly seemed to him that a cannonball was flying at him with a terrible whistle; he shuddered and stood up. He didn't remember how long he had been here. In the middle of the night, three soldiers, having brought branches, placed themselves next to him and began to make a fire. The soldiers, looking sideways at Pierre, lit a fire, put a pot on it, crumbled crackers into it and put lard in it. The pleasant smell of edible and fatty food merged with the smell of smoke. Pierre stood up and sighed. The soldiers (there were three of them) ate, not paying attention to Pierre, and talked among themselves. - What kind of person will you be? - one of the soldiers suddenly turned to Pierre, obviously, by this question meaning what Pierre was thinking, namely: if you want something, we will give it to you, just tell me, are you an honest person? - I? me?.. - said Pierre, feeling the need to belittle his social position as much as possible in order to be closer and more understandable to the soldiers. “I am truly a militia officer, only my squad is not here; I came to the battle and lost my own. - Look! - said one of the soldiers. The other soldier shook his head. - Well, eat the mess if you want! - said the first and gave Pierre, licking it, a wooden spoon. Pierre sat down by the fire and began to eat the mess, the food that was in the pot and which seemed to him the most delicious of all the foods that he had ever eaten. While he greedily bent over the pot, picking up large spoons, chewing one after another and his face was visible in the light of the fire, the soldiers silently looked at him. -Where do you want it? You tell me! – one of them asked again. - I’m going to Mozhaisk. - Are you now a master? - Yes. - What’s your name? - Pyotr Kirillovich. - Well, Pyotr Kirillovich, let’s go, we’ll take you. In complete darkness, the soldiers, together with Pierre, went to Mozhaisk. The roosters were already crowing when they reached Mozhaisk and began to climb the steep city mountain. Pierre walked along with the soldiers, completely forgetting that his inn was below the mountain and that he had already passed it. He would not have remembered this (he was in such a state of loss) if his guard, who went to look for him around the city and returned back to his inn, had not encountered him halfway up the mountain. The bereitor recognized Pierre by his hat, which was turning white in the darkness. “Your Excellency,” he said, “we are already desperate.” Why are you walking? Where are you going, please? “Oh yes,” said Pierre. The soldiers paused. - Well, have you found yours? - said one of them. - Well, goodbye! Pyotr Kirillovich, I think? Farewell, Pyotr Kirillovich! - said other voices. “Goodbye,” said Pierre and headed with his driver to the inn. “We have to give it to them!” - Pierre thought, taking his pocket. “No, don’t,” a voice told him. There was no room in the upper rooms of the inn: everyone was occupied. Pierre went into the yard and, covering his head, lay down in his carriage. As soon as Pierre laid his head on the pillow, he felt that he was falling asleep; but suddenly, with the clarity of almost reality, a boom, boom, boom of shots was heard, groans, screams, the splashing of shells were heard, the smell of blood and gunpowder, and a feeling of horror, the fear of death, overwhelmed him. He opened his eyes in fear and raised his head from under his overcoat. Everything was quiet in the yard. Only at the gate, talking to the janitor and splashing through the mud, was some orderly walking. Above Pierre's head, under the dark underside of the plank canopy, doves fluttered from the movement he made while rising. Throughout the yard there was a peaceful, joyful for Pierre at that moment, strong smell of an inn, the smell of hay, manure and tar. Between two black canopies a clear starry sky was visible. “Thank God this isn’t happening anymore,” thought Pierre, covering his head again. - Oh, how terrible fear is and how shamefully I surrendered to it! And they... they were firm and calm all the time, until the end... - he thought. In Pierre's concept, they were soldiers - those who were at the battery, and those who fed him, and those who prayed to the icon. They - these strange ones, hitherto unknown to him, were clearly and sharply separated in his thoughts from all other people. “To be a soldier, just a soldier! - thought Pierre, falling asleep. – Enter into this common life with your whole being, imbued with what makes them so. But how can one throw off all this unnecessary, devilish, all the burden of this external man? At one time I could have been this. I could run away from my father as much as I wanted. Even after the duel with Dolokhov, I could have been sent as a soldier.” And in Pierre’s imagination flashed a dinner at a club, at which he called Dolokhov, and a benefactor in Torzhok. And now Pierre is presented with a ceremonial dining room. This lodge takes place in the English Club. And someone familiar, close, dear, sits at the end of the table. Yes it is! This is a benefactor. “But he died? - thought Pierre. - Yes, he died; but I didn't know he was alive. And how sorry I am that he died, and how glad I am that he is alive again!” On one side of the table sat Anatole, Dolokhov, Nesvitsky, Denisov and others like him (the category of these people was as clearly defined in Pierre’s soul in the dream as the category of those people whom he called them), and these people, Anatole, Dolokhov they shouted and sang loudly; but from behind their shout the voice of the benefactor could be heard, speaking incessantly, and the sound of his words was as significant and continuous as the roar of the battlefield, but it was pleasant and comforting. Pierre did not understand what the benefactor was saying, but he knew (the category of thoughts was just as clear in the dream) that the benefactor was talking about goodness, about the possibility of being what they were. And they surrounded the benefactor from all sides, with their simple, kind, firm faces. But although they were kind, they did not look at Pierre, did not know him. Pierre wanted to attract their attention and say. He stood up, but at the same moment his legs became cold and exposed.

Gas pipeline... Spelling dictionary-reference book

Methane pipeline, methane pipeline, blue river, gas material pipeline, water and gas pipeline, gas artery, blue fuel route, gas river, fuel artery, underground main, gas and air pipeline, gas and oil pipeline Dictionary of Russian synonyms.... ... Synonym dictionary

gas pipeline- (gas pipeline is not recommended) ... Dictionary of difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian language

gas pipeline- A set of pipelines, equipment and instruments designed to transport gases from source to consumers [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] gas pipeline Pipeline designed for... Technical Translator's Guide

GAS PIPELINE, gas pipeline, man. (those.). Pipe for transmitting gas over a distance. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

GAS PIPELINE, huh, husband. Pipeline for transmitting natural combustible gas over a distance. | adj. gas pipeline, oh, oh. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Gas pipeline- part of the gas distribution system, consisting of a pipeline for the transportation of natural or liquefied hydrocarbon gases, with the exception of structures and devices installed on it... Source: RESOLUTION of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation dated... ... Official terminology

gas pipeline- Pipeline for transporting flammable gases from places of their extraction or production to areas of consumption... Dictionary of Geography

gas pipeline- 3.4 gas pipeline: Pipeline intended for gas transport. Source: STO Gazprom 2 2.1 249 2008: Main pipelines 3.5 gas pipeline branch: Gas pipeline designed to supply gas from distribution or main... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

gas pipeline- noun Fast. ex: vernacular; inanimate; conc.; m.r.; 2 cl. LZ Pipeline for transmitting natural combustible gas over a distance. Word-formation analysis, Morphemic analysis: To enlarge, click on the picture Nepost. ex.: units number; Them. n. Basis... ... Morphemic-word-formation dictionary

Books

• Sonin.ru: Economics lessons, Konstantin Sonin. The book of the famous - not only in the homeland, but also abroad - Russian economist Konstantin Sonin “Sonin.ru. Economics Lessons" is a fascinating guide to all areas... eBook
• Subcarpathian Rus' (dilogy), Anatoly Sanzharovsky. The dilogy “Subcarpathian Rus” consists of the novels “Rusinia” and “In the Center of Europe”. “I especially like the language,” this is what the great Russian writer Vasily Belov said about the novel...

Museum of the history of the world's first gas pipeline March 23rd, 2016

I already wrote that I was able to visit . On the territory of the center there is museum , dedicated history of the world's first gas pipeline . The museum was created in 2012 and its exhibition presents documentary materials from the construction and operation of the first gas pipeline "Saratov - Moscow" and the country's first transcontinental gas pipeline system "Central Asia - Center". The museum also has interactive panels dedicated to the modern activities of Gazprom OJSC and Gazprom Transgaz Saratov LLC.
Let's take a look inside the museum.

Before visiting the museum, let's get acquainted with history of this gas pipeline.
The world's first gas pipeline is the Saratov-Moscow gas pipeline. And it was created thanks to the discovery of an oil and gas field in the territory of present-day Elshanka in the 30s of the 20th century. Now part of Saratov is located there, but at that time this territory was a continuous steppe.
Here is the location of the deposit.
2.


Photo taken from mosgorshop.ru

In 1941, the first gas well was drilled in this area, and the second well appeared in June 1942. Both of them turned out to be highly productive, and this allowed scientists to conclude that a field with industrial reserves of natural gas had been discovered. And already in September 1942, a decision was made to develop the field. And the first cubic meters of gas were supplied through the newly constructed Elshanka - Saratov gas pipeline already in October 1942.
And at the end of 1944, a decision was made to build an 843-kilometer gas pipeline "Saratov - Moscow". To provide the capital with gas.
July 11, 1946 - it was on this day that the gas pipeline, built in the shortest possible time, came into operation. A gas pipeline with a length of 843 km is laid through the territories of the Saratov, Penza, Tambov, Ryazan and Moscow regions. It was from this gas pipeline that the country's gas industry grew.

3. Scheme of the Saratov-Moscow gas pipeline

The Elshansko-Kurdyumskoye field itself was depleted by 1967 and now our pipeline serves only for the transit of gas from Central Asia to the central part of Russia. Those. now the pipeline is part of the pipeline« Central Asia - Center» , passing through the territories of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Russia.

4. Scheme of the Caspian gas pipeline and the Central Asia - Center gas pipeline project

But let's go back to the museum. Luckily there is something to see here.
The museum consists of 3 halls. First hall dedicated to the 40-50s of the 20th century and shows the history of the construction of the Saratov-Moscow gas pipeline " and showinghow the gas industry was born .
5.

In this room we can see the layoutElshanskaya tower.
6. Model of the Elshanskaya tower

7. Model of the Elshanskaya tower from the other side

8. A model diorama of the gas pipeline under construction is also shown here.

The gas pipeline was built manually. First, furrows were made with hoes, and then a gas pipeline was built along the furrows. They worked day and night. Moreover, it was mostly young people who worked, in particular 16 and 17-year-old boys who were deceived and brought here instead of the promised front from Volyn (present-day Ukraine).
Already during the construction process, gas flowed with great difficulty, sinceWhen pressing the pipes, dirty water was used and this prevented the passage of gas.
9.


Also in this room you can see model of the GAZ AA car (in common parlance a lorry), which was converted to run on natural gas and made its flight from Elshanka to Saratov. The room is also presented with personal belongings, work documents, household utensils and other itemspioneer builders of the gas pipeline and the village of Elshanka. In particular, the main founders of the gas pipeline, Boris Andreevich Mozharovsky and I.I. Engurazova. Shown here is a reconstruction of the living room of an Elshanka resident from the 40s and 50s, all the things in which are real.
Living room of a resident of Elshanka in the 40s and 50s
10.

There are also stands with the most significant dates and information about the people who took the most significant action in the construction of the gas pipeline.
11.

12.

Next room dedicated to the 60-70s - years construction of the world's first transcontinental gas pipeline system "Central Asia-Center". Here you can see the tools that were used at that time in the process of servicing the gas pipeline. For example, you can see a telephone switchboard of that time, an adding machine (the prototype of a modern calculator), a gramophone and kerosene gas.
13.

Portraits

Of course, this room also displays personal belongings of the gas pipeline pioneers. "Central Asia-Center". Gifts and souvenirs are also displayed in the hall.from representatives of those Central Asian countries through whose territory the gas pipeline passes.
14.

15. And a map diagram of the direction of gas movement from the sands of the Karakum to Moscow - how would we be without it in this room.

16. And here in the foreground is the same telephone switchboard.

17. Another view of the gas pipeline diagram.

Hall 3 is real . The real history of the Gazpromtransgaz Saratov enterprise, and now Gazprom Transgaz Saratov. This room shows all the modern activities of the enterprise,gifts dedicated to significant dates of the enterprise, information about medical institutions.

18. LED panel “Dynasties” in the Modernity hall


There is also an electronic book of honor “Gazprom Transgaz Saratov”, which contains names that are especially significant for the company.
A special feature of the hall is an electronic guide designed for independent work by visitors. In this guide All information about the enterprise is presented: from past to present.
19.

The highlight of the museum is the amphitheater for showing various films. Amphitheaterconsists of 2 tiers: lower (these are seats) and upper (this is a drum with a timeline and with photo fragments about activities from the past and present of the enterprise).
20.

Here they not only show films, but also conduct various lectures, seminars and conversations intended for the company’s staff, as well as hold meetings with visitors.
21.

Thank you for the excursion

Now even a schoolchild knows that the main source of gaseous hydrocarbon raw materials in our country are the deposits of the Far North, located mainly in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. And in the face of this power of Gazprom, the fact that for the first time large-scale production of natural gas, followed by long-distance transportation via pipeline, was organized not in Siberia at all, but in the Middle Volga region, was almost forgotten.

"Second Baku"

In the 30s of the twentieth century, industrial development of the huge oil-bearing region of the USSR between the Volga and the Urals began. With the light hand of theoretical geologists, this territory received the unofficial name “Second Baku.” Already at the very beginning, refiners were faced with one important problem: how to utilize petroleum gases, which are always present in underground rocks, and when the formation is opened, they rush to the surface along with liquid components.
At different fields, the percentage of gas in oil was always different. Basically, its concentration was quite small, and it did not interfere with the extraction of black gold. However, in some fields, the volumes of natural gas in the formations turned out to be so enormous that it simply did not allow oil to leave the well. Such fields were recorded in geological maps as oil and gas fields. Moreover, in the 1930s, for many years they were practically not used at all, being in a mothballed state.
As for associated natural gas obtained during the development of oil fields, at that time it was considered a production waste and was simply burned in flares, which can sometimes still be seen near our oil refineries.
True, in the 1930s, in some fields of Azerbaijan there were attempts to use this mineral as fuel, for which small in-plant gas pipelines were built, but such experience did not have industrial significance at that time. Already in those years, geologists and petrochemists more than once tried to draw the attention of industrial leaders to the fact that the rational use of natural gas could bring the country no less income than oil refining and coal mining. However, for a long time no one listened to the opinion of experts - until severe necessity forced them to do so. The Great Patriotic War began.

No one needs natural gas

Previously, natural gas was simply burned
During the first war months in Kuibyshev (now Samara), which at that time had the status of the “second capital of the USSR,” the problem of speedy gasification of industrial enterprises, as well as the entire social sphere of the city, became acute. The fact is that due to the Nazi occupation of Donbass, the supply of Donetsk ASh grade coal to the Kuibyshev State District Power Plant and Bezymyanskaya Thermal Power Plant stopped. And although since November 1941 both enterprises switched to supplying coal mined in the Karaganda region, it soon became clear that this fuel did not meet the technological requirements placed on it by power plants.
In particular, Kazakhstani coal contained too much waste rock, and besides, it arrived in open cars, which is why it ended up frozen and mixed with snow. Therefore, the leadership of the Special Construction Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR (abbreviated UOS, or Osobstroy), located in Kuibyshev, whose main task was the construction of large aircraft factories and other defense enterprises in Bezymyanka, was constantly distracted from the construction of these facilities. Large teams of prisoners were sent to the railway station, who used picks and crowbars to break up the frozen mass of coal in the cars - otherwise there was no way to unload them.
These and other difficulties at the end of 1941 - beginning of 1942 forced the management of the Soviet aviation industry, which included the most important Kuibyshev factories, to look for alternative sources of energy supply to industrial enterprises. A solution was found in converting the Kuibyshev State District Power Plant and BTPP to burning natural gas, significant reserves of which had by that time been explored on the border of the Kuibyshev and Orenburg regions - in the vicinity of the cities of Pokhvistnevo and Buguruslan.
At the end of the 1930s, large-scale geological exploration work was carried out to search for oil in the vast expanses of the Middle Volga region. However, in the Orenburg region, instead of black gold deposits, drilling rigs often uncovered underground layers with large reserves of natural gas. At that time, this natural raw material was of no interest to industry. All the wells in which no oil was found were plugged, and in the national economic plans the beginning of any exploitation of the Pokhvistnevsky and Buguruslan gas fields was postponed indefinitely.
Business executives had to remember this source of natural gas during the tense times of the Great Patriotic War. After discussing a number of options for the uninterrupted supply of fuel to Bezymyanka enterprises, it was decided to quickly build a gas pipeline, gigantic at that time, to supply raw materials to the reserve capital of the USSR from the western regions of the Orenburg region.

Stalin gave the order

Laying of gas pipelines was done manually. 1942
The issue of providing defense enterprises with fuel was resolved at the level of the Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the USSR (GKO USSR) Joseph Stalin, who signed secret decree No. 1563c dated April 7, 1942 “On the construction of the Buguruslan-Kuibyshev gas pipeline.” According to this document, fuel transportation along the route was supposed to begin in the coming December. The initial throughput of the pipeline was determined at 150 million cubic meters of gas per year, but by the third quarter of 1943, producers were required to pump 220 million cubic meters through it.
In accordance with the above-mentioned government decree, on May 20, 1942, the Construction Department of the Buguruslan-Kuibyshev gas pipeline was created in the city on the Volga. However, despite all the efforts of the builders, it was not possible to put the route into operation in 1942. There was not enough labor, especially in the first months, and therefore 3,000 prisoners from the Bezymyanlag of the USSR NKVD, who had previously built aircraft factories in Kuibyshev, were transferred to lay the gas pipeline.
In the winter of 1942-1943, 800 qualified oil workers, who already had considerable experience in laying pipelines, were urgently sent from Baku to the Kuibyshev region. And in order to further increase the pace of construction of the most important facility, by order of the USSR State Defense Committee, dismantling of the Ishimbayevo-Ufa oil pipeline began in neighboring Bashkiria, pipes from which were then transported to Buguruslan and further distributed along the future route. The main section of the fuel line (Kuibyshev - Pokhvistnevo) with a length of 160 kilometers was put into operation on September 15, 1943. And at the end of December of the same year, a section of the route from Buguruslan to Pokhvistnev was also connected to the pipe, after which the total length of the gas pipeline reached 180 kilometers. This pipeline became the very first industrial gas pipeline in the USSR.
In parallel with the connection of power plants to the highway, construction was underway on another section of it, stretching to the Krasnoglinsky district, where many defense enterprises were also located. Already on December 31, 1943, a 5.6-kilometer section of the fuel line from Bezymyanka to Mekhzavod went into operation. In total, from September 1943 to July 1945, Kuibyshev’s energy enterprises received 260 billion cubic meters of natural gas through the new gas pipeline, which turned out to be equivalent to 370 thousand tons of coal.

The beginning of mass gasification

It was then calculated that thanks to this gas pipeline, the railway workers freed up 20 thousand cars from transporting coal, which in difficult times of war were urgently needed by the country for the transportation of defense cargo. In the second half of 1945, the Kuibyshevskaya State District Power Plant and the Bezymyanskaya Thermal Power Plant switched from gas fuel to burning crude oil, which by that time had begun to arrive here via an oil pipeline from the Zolny region. Even during the Great Patriotic War, after natural gas was supplied to the boilers of energy enterprises, mass gasification of residential buildings and social facilities in Kuibyshev and the region also began - even earlier than in Moscow and Leningrad. By 1950, the length of intracity networks in the region exceeded 200 kilometers. That year there were already about 10 thousand gasified apartments in the region. Thus, the Volga city became a pioneer of household gasification in the USSR.
Valery EROFEEV

Ukraine was the first of the USSR republics to produce gas. In Dashava (Lviv region), gas production began in the 20s of the last century. This year is considered to be the year of the founding of the gas industry in Ukraine.

On April 18, 1921, the first gas well was launched in Dashava. In 1922, the Dashava-Stry gas pipeline with a length of 14 km was built. In 1929, a 68 km long gas pipeline was laid to Lviv.

Then, during the Second World War, the Germans began to build a gas pipeline from Dashava through Poland to Berlin, but they lost the war, and after the war that gas pipeline was dismantled, and the Dashava-Kyiv gas pipeline was built (1946-1948 - at that time the most powerful gas pipeline in Europe). At that time, Dashava-Kyiv was the most powerful gas pipeline in Europe, its throughput capacity was about 2 billion cubic meters. in year.

In 1948, Ternopil received natural gas from this pipe.

The Department for Operation of the Dashava-Kyiv Gas Pipeline was also created, which included 5 district departments in the cities of Ternopil, Krasilov, Berdichev, Kyiv and in the village. Gnezdychev. Construction of the pipeline began in 1946 and within two years it was ready to transport natural gas. After the commissioning of this unique gas pipeline, widespread gasification of post-war cities in Ukraine began. Even despite the shortage of powerful equipment and qualified personnel.

In 1951, the Dashava-Kyiv route was extended to Moscow (Dashava-Moscow).

Even later, a gas pipeline to Leningrad was laid through Minsk. In fact, Dashava was one of the largest gas fields in the Soviet Union. In the 1950s - 1970s, the Dashava-Minsk-Vilnius-Riga and other gas pipelines were built. Then the powerful Shebelinka deposit was discovered (Kharkov region). In 1967, after the commissioning of the Dolyna-Uzhgorod-Western Border gas pipeline (Brotherhood gas pipeline), the supply of Ukrainian gas to the countries of Central and Western Europe began. In 1973, Ukrainian gas production peaked at 68 billion cubic meters. In the 70-80s, the construction of transcontinental gas pipelines Soyuz, Urengoy-Uzhgorod, Progress and a number of others began.

After this, production began to decline, and today Ukraine produces 20-21 billion cubic meters of gas.

There were several government programs, dating back to the Soviet era, that provided for an increase in gas production to 34 billion by 2010. Then the volumes were adjusted to 28 billion cubic meters per year. But these goals were not achieved either, because the financing of geological exploration, financing the development of new fields, major repairs of existing wells - all this was actually stopped. Huge deposits of oil and gas were discovered in Western Siberia. And in independent Ukraine, a course was taken to import gas. And at first, Ukraine consumed even 120 billion cubic meters, then 76, then even less, somewhere up to 50, but everything was a huge waste.

Because according to experts, it would be enough for Ukraine to extract and consume 40 or even less cubic meters. In reality, Ukraine consumes 4 times more gas per unit of gross output than European countries. If the Poles consume 4 billion cubic meters of gas for public needs, then Ukraine - 32. If we take into account these figures for the population, and if the Ukrainians consumed like the Poles, then they would need six billion cubic meters.

Today, Ukraine does not produce enough gas not only because the fields have been partially exhausted, but also because nothing is being invested in the development of new fields. In addition, no new deposits themselves, except for the Black Sea, were actually discovered. No funds - that's all. But even such a task was not set - to put new fields into operation. The new Black Sea fields were also “failed” - only 10% of the needs identified even in government programs were financed.