Shark nuclear submarines. Underwater typhoon
MOSCOW, January 19 – RIA Novosti. The world's most powerful heavy strategic missile submarines, the Akula, are too early to be sent for disposal: they can be upgraded to carry new ballistic or cruise missiles, according to Russian admirals interviewed by RIA Novosti on Friday.
As a source in the shipbuilding industry previously reported to RIA Novosti, two nuclear submarines of Project 941 (code "Akula") - Arkhangelsk and Severstal - will be dismantled by Rosatom after 2020. Their further operation was considered unprofitable and they have already been removed from the Russian Navy, the source said.
Upgrade to "Bulava"
“I can only express my personal regret. These submarines are the most powerful in the world, the most high-tech in production. One Akula carried 20 missiles with ten warheads each. I went to sea on them, being the first deputy commander of the Northern Fleet "They are easy to operate. I have never experienced greater delight," said former commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Vladimir Komoyedov.
In his opinion, “we are acting barbarically with our brainchild, sending the Sharks to be cut to pieces.” The Russian shipbuilding industry, for economic reasons, is no longer able to build such a submarine, the admiral believes.
According to him, these nuclear submarine cruisers can be modernized for the intercontinental ballistic Bulava or modern cruise missiles - following the example of the Americans who modernized the Ohio submarines.
Komoyedov emphasized that “it is not so easy to dismantle such a submarine.” “I would like to express the hope that the decision to dismantle the two submarine cruisers has not yet been made, and if accepted, it will be reviewed. I would even develop a modernization plan,” the admiral said.
He categorically disagreed that the further operation of the Sharks was unprofitable: “In general, maintaining combat-ready armed forces is a costly business. But these submarines are worth the cost.”
"Bulava" in action: how the ballistic missile was launched from a submarine cruiserThe Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile was launched from the missile submarine cruiser Yuri Dolgoruky in the Barents Sea. Watch footage of combat training shooting.Work for "Star"
Former First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Igor Kasatonov, also spoke out against cutting up Arkhangelsk and Severstal for metal. As a forced positive aspect, he noted that “recycling will bring money to the budget and provide jobs.”
Most likely, the hulls of the cruisers will be dismantled at the Zvezdochka Ship Repair Center in Severodvinsk, the agency’s interlocutor noted.
Departing giants
Project 941 TRKSN are the world's largest nuclear submarines. The ship's total displacement is 49.8 thousand tons, length - 172 meters, width - 23.3 meters. A total of six cruisers of the project were built. "Dmitry Donskoy" - the lead ship in the series - was laid down on June 30, 1976, accepted into service with the Northern Fleet in 1981.
In 1996-1997, due to a lack of funds, three Project 941 nuclear submarines (TK-12, TK-202 and TK-13), which had served only 12-13 years, were withdrawn from service in the Russian Navy.
The cruiser TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" underwent repairs, modernization and re-equipment at Sevmash for more than ten years to test the Bulava missile system. Currently, this Project 941U ship remains the last "Akula" in the Russian Navy.
The most famous warships and submarines of Russia
/ "Yuri Dolgoruky" is a nuclear submarine with new generation ballistic missiles. It is the first submarine produced by Russia since the Soviet era. It was built by the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk for the Russian Navy. The groundbreaking took place in 1996. The first sea trials of the vessel took place in the summer of 2009.
1 out of 10
"Yuri Dolgoruky" is a nuclear submarine with new generation ballistic missiles. It is the first submarine produced by Russia since the Soviet era. It was built by the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk for the Russian Navy. The groundbreaking took place in 1996. The first sea trials of the vessel took place in the summer of 2009.
/ The famous cruiser "Aurora", which is permanently moored near the Petrogradskaya embankment in St. Petersburg, is an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation. The first-rank cruiser of the Baltic Fleet is famous for its role in the October Revolution of 1917. It was laid down in 1897 at the New Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg. The cruiser was named after the sailing frigate "Aurora", which became famous during the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky during the Crimean War.
2 out of 10
The famous cruiser "Aurora", which is permanently moored near the Petrogradskaya embankment in St. Petersburg, is an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation. The first-rank cruiser of the Baltic Fleet is famous for its role in the October Revolution of 1917. It was laid down in 1897 at the New Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg. The cruiser was named after the sailing frigate "Aurora", which became famous during the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky during the Crimean War.
© Photo: Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationThe aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" is the only one in its class in the Russian Navy. The heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser is designed to destroy large surface targets and defend naval formations from attacks by a potential enemy. Built at the Black Sea Shipyard in Nikolaev in the early 80s of the last century. The cruiser was named in honor of Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. Previous names of the vessel in order of assignment: “Soviet Union” (project), “Riga” (laying), “Leonid Brezhnev” (launching), “Tbilisi” (tests).
3 out of 10
The aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" is the only one in its class in the Russian Navy. The heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser is designed to destroy large surface targets and defend naval formations from attacks by a potential enemy. Built at the Black Sea Shipyard in Nikolaev in the early 80s of the last century. The cruiser was named in honor of Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. Previous names of the vessel in order of assignment: “Soviet Union” (project), “Riga” (laying), “Leonid Brezhnev” (launching), “Tbilisi” (tests).
/ The patrol ship "Admiral Grigorovich" was named in honor of Admiral Ivan Konstantinovich Grigorovich, Russian Minister of Navy in 1911-1917. The ship was laid down in December 2010 at the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad and launched in March 2014.
4 out of 10
The patrol ship "Admiral Grigorovich" was named in honor of Admiral Ivan Konstantinovich Grigorovich, Russian Minister of Navy in 1911-1917. The ship was laid down in December 2010 at the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad and launched in March 2014.
/ "Igor Belousov" is a rescue ship built for the Russian Navy at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg. The ship was launched in 2012. The vessel is designed to provide assistance to the crews of emergency submarines lying on the ground or on the surface, supplying air, electricity and life-saving equipment to submarines and surface ships. In addition, the ship can search and inspect emergency objects.
6 out of 10
"Igor Belousov" is a rescue ship built for the Russian Navy at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg. The ship was launched in 2012. The vessel is designed to provide assistance to the crews of emergency submarines lying on the ground or on the surface, supplying air, electricity and life-saving equipment to submarines and surface ships. In addition, the ship can search and inspect emergency objects.
/ B-261 "Novorossiysk" is a diesel-electric submarine of Project 636.3 "Varshavyanka". The vessel is designed to combat enemy submarines and ships, for the defense of naval bases, coastal and sea communications, reconnaissance and patrol activities on enemy communications. The submarine was laid down in August 2010, launched in November 2013, and accepted into the fleet in August 2014.
7 out of 10
B-261 "Novorossiysk" is a diesel-electric submarine of Project 636.3 "Varshavyanka". The vessel is designed to combat enemy submarines and ships, for the defense of naval bases, coastal and sea communications, reconnaissance and patrol activities on enemy communications. The submarine was laid down in August 2010, launched in November 2013, and accepted into the fleet in August 2014.
/ TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" is a heavy nuclear-powered strategic missile submarine of Project 941 "Akula", the first ship in the series. The ship is equipped with a Bulava missile system with 6 hypersonic nuclear warheads. The boat was laid down in June 1976 at Sevmashpredpriyatiya, entered service with the Navy in 1981, and became part of the Northern Fleet in 1982. Today, the TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" is the largest submarine in the world.
8 out of 10
TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" is a heavy nuclear-powered strategic missile submarine of Project 941 "Akula", the first ship in the series. The ship is equipped with a Bulava missile system with 6 hypersonic nuclear warheads. The boat was laid down in June 1976 at Sevmashpredpriyatiya, entered service with the Navy in 1981, and became part of the Northern Fleet in 1982. Today, the TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" is the largest submarine in the world.
/ "Peter the Great" is the fourth and only heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser of the third generation of Project 1144 "Orlan" in service. The main purpose of the vessel is to destroy enemy aircraft carrier groups. The cruiser was laid down in 1986 on the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard. She was launched in 1989 and entered the fleet in 1988.
9 out of 10
"Peter the Great" is the fourth and only heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser of the third generation of Project 1144 "Orlan" in service. The main purpose of the vessel is to destroy enemy aircraft carrier groups. The cruiser was laid down in 1986 on the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard. She was launched in 1989 and entered the fleet in 1988.
© Photo: press service of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Federation/Oleg KuleshovK-560 "Severodvinsk" is a Russian multi-purpose nuclear submarine with 4th generation cruise missiles, the lead ship of Project 885 "Yasen". For the first time in the practice of domestic shipbuilding, torpedo tubes were located behind the central post compartment. The Severodvinsk submarine was laid down at the Sevmash defense shipyard in 1993. The ship was launched in 2010.
The construction of Project 941 Akula submarine cruisers (according to the international classification "Typhoon") was a kind of response to the construction in the United States of Ohio-class nuclear missile submarines armed with 24 intercontinental ballistic missiles. In the USSR, the development of a new ship began later than the Americans, so design and construction proceeded almost in parallel.
“The designers were faced with a difficult technical task - to place on board 24 missiles weighing almost 100 tons each,” says S.N. Kovalev, general designer of projects at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT. “After many studies, it was decided to place the missiles between two durable hulls There are no analogues to such a solution in the world." “Only Sevmash could build such a boat,” says the head of the Department of the Ministry of Defense A.F. Shlemov. The construction of the ship was carried out in the largest boathouse - workshop 55, which was led by I.L. Kamai. We used a fundamentally new construction technology - the aggregate-modular method, which made it possible to significantly reduce the time frame. Now this method is used in everything, both underwater and surface shipbuilding, but for that time it was a serious technological breakthrough.
As a result, the ship was built in record time - in 5 years. Behind this small number is a huge amount of work by the entire team of the enterprise and its numerous contractors. “The construction of the submarine supported more than a thousand enterprises throughout the country,” recalls A.I. Makarenko, at that time the chief engineer of the Sevmash enterprise. “Our “Akula” was ready a year earlier than the American “Ohio.” Naturally, the government highly appreciated the merits participants in the creation of this unique ship." By order of the Minister of the Shipbuilding Industry, Anatoly Innokentyevich was appointed personally responsible for the construction. For the creation of the nuclear submarine of project 941 A.I. Makarenko and KSP assembler A.T. Maksimov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Responsible deliverer A.S. Belopolsky was awarded the Lenin Prize, N.G. Orlov, V.A. Borodin, L.A. Samoilov, S.V. Pantyushin, A.A. Fishev - State Prize. 1219 employees of the enterprise were awarded orders and medals. Among those who distinguished themselves were shop managers G.A. Pravilov, A.P. Monogarov, A.M. Budnichenko, V.V. Skaloban, V.M. Rozhkov, chief specialists M.I. Shepurev, F.N. Shusharin, A.V. Rynkovich.
In September 1980, an unusually large nuclear submarine, the height of a nine-story building and the length of almost two football fields, touched the water for the first time. Delight, joy, fatigue - the participants in that event experienced different feelings, but everyone was united by one thing - pride in a great common cause. Mooring and sea trials were carried out in record time for a nuclear submarine of such a design. And this is a great merit of the delivery team, such excellent specialists as G.D Pavlyuk, A.Z. Elimelach, A.Z. Raikhlin, and the ship’s personnel under the command of Captain 1st Rank A.V. Olkhovikova. Despite the tight deadlines for the construction and testing of the newest nuclear submarine, situations arose when engineers were required to urgently develop new design solutions. “As you know, the outer hull of the boat is covered with a thick layer of rubber,” continues Anatoly Innokentyevich. “On the Shark, each sheet weighed 100 kilograms, and the total weight of the glued rubber was 800 tons. When the boat first went to sea, part of this "The coating came off. We had to quickly invent new gluing techniques."
The ship adopted the first domestic solid-fuel missile system D-19. The lead cruiser of the series, which later received the name Dmitry Donskoy, carried out a large number of missile launches. “The program for extended testing of missile weapons was more than intense,” recalls the former commander of the BC-5, Captain 1st Rank V.V. Kiseev. “The tests took place not only in the White Sea, but also in the North Pole region. During the missile firing period, no There were technical failures. Everything was very reliable."
After ten years of operation, the world's largest nuclear submarine was raised to the slipway for mid-term repairs. This was a difficult task in terms of ensuring radiation and fire safety, since nuclear submarines had not been repaired at the Sevmash workshops before. After average repairs and replacement of a number of complexes in May 2002, “Dmitry Donskoy” was taken out of the workshop. This date is considered the second birth of the ship. The slipway work and the removal of the ship were supervised by the deputy head of the workshop M.A. Abizhanov, and by the actions of the delivery team on the ship - mechanic G.A. Laptev. “The factory sea trials and state tests of various weapons systems are now successfully undergoing. “Dmitry Donskoy” is unique in its maneuverability and controllability,” says the commander of the nuclear submarine, Captain 1st Rank A.Yu. Romanov, with pride. “This order has amazing combat capabilities. This is the fastest of all the ships in the series, exceeding the previous speed record of Project 941 by two knots. The successful testing of the ship is largely due to the responsible deliverer E.V. Slobodyan, his deputies A.V. Larinsky and V.A. Semushin and, naturally, the crew nuclear submarine, specialists in their field, commander of the combat electromechanical unit, captain II rank A.V. Prokopenko, commander of the navigator combat unit, captain-lieutenant V.V. Sankov, commander of the combat communications unit, captain III rank A.R. Shuvalov and many others.”
A ship, like a person, has its own destiny. This cruiser proudly bears the name of the great Russian warrior, Prince of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Donskoy. As the submariners themselves say, their ship is reliable and happy. “Now the fate of this nuclear submarine is clear,” says S.N. Kovalev. “This submarine will for a long time be the most powerful ship of the Navy. Today is a good reason to congratulate all the designers who designed this boat, Sevmash, who it was built by many other enterprises that participated in its creation, and, naturally, the Navy on the anniversary of this wonderful ship.”
“Dmitry Donskoy” has been faithfully serving the Motherland for 25 years. The crew and delivery team change, but the cruiser remains dear to everyone. Today the ship, like a quarter of a century ago, is the first - it is at the forefront of testing new naval missile technology. Happy anniversary and happy sailing to you, "Dmitry Donskoy"!
: 53-65K, SET-65, SAET-60M, USET-80. Rocket torpedoes "Waterfall" or "Shkval"
Story
The tactical and technical specifications for the design were issued in December 1972, and S. N. Kovalev was appointed chief designer of the project. The new type of submarine cruiser was positioned as a response to the US construction of Ohio-class SSBNs (the first boats of both projects were laid down almost simultaneously in 1976). The dimensions of the new ship were determined by the dimensions of the new solid-fuel three-stage intercontinental ballistic missiles R-39 (RSM-52), with which it was planned to arm the boat. Compared to the Trident-I missiles, which were equipped with the American Ohio, the R-39 missile had better flight range characteristics, throw weight and had 10 blocks versus 8 for the Trident. However, the R-39 turned out to be almost twice as long and three times as heavy as its American counterpart. The standard SSBN layout was not suitable for accommodating such large missiles. On December 19, 1973, the government decided to begin work on the design and construction of a new generation of strategic missile carriers.
In total, it was planned to build 12 boats of Project 941 “Shark”, then the series was reduced to 10 boats. However, only 6 such boats were laid down, launched and put into operation, from 1981 to 1989. The planned seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth ships were never laid down; for the seventh, hull structures were being prepared (see below), and the remaining three boats of the series generally remained at the stage of preliminary preparation for construction.
The construction of “9-story” submarines provided orders for more than 1000 enterprises of the Soviet Union. At Sevmash alone, 1,219 people who participated in the creation of this unique ship received government awards.
For the first time, Leonid Brezhnev announced the creation of the “Shark” series at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, saying:
Brezhnev specifically called the "Shark" "Typhoon" in order to mislead his Cold War opponents.
To ensure reloading of missiles and torpedoes, in 1986 the diesel-electric transport-missile carrier "Alexander Brykin" of Project 11570 was built with a total displacement of 16,000 tons; it could carry up to 16 SLBMs.
On September 27, 1991, during a training launch in the White Sea on the TK-17 Arkhangelsk, a training rocket exploded and burned out in the silo. The explosion tore off the cover of the mine, and the warhead of the rocket was thrown into the sea. The crew was not injured during the incident; the boat was forced to undergo minor repairs.
In 1997, tests were carried out in the Northern Fleet, during which a salvo launch of 20 R-39 missiles was carried out from the TK-20, the crew under the command of Captain 1st Rank A.S. Bogachev.
Design
Ship structure
Both main strong hulls are connected to each other by three transitions through intermediate strong capsule compartments: in the bow, in the center and in the stern. The total number of waterproof compartments of the boat is 19. Two pop-up rescue chambers, designed for the entire crew, are located at the base of the wheelhouse under the retractable device fence.
The durable housings are made of titanium alloys, the lightweight ones are made of steel, covered with a non-resonant anti-location and sound-insulating rubber coating with a total weight of 800 tons. According to American experts, the boat's durable hulls are also equipped with soundproofing coatings.
The ship received a developed cruciform stern tail with horizontal rudders located directly behind the propellers. The front horizontal rudders are retractable.
In order for the boats to be able to carry out duty in high latitudes, the wheelhouse fencing is made very strong, capable of breaking through ice 2-2.5 m thick (in winter, the thickness of the ice in the Arctic Ocean varies from 1.2 to 2 m, and in some places reaches 2.5 m). The bottom surface of the ice is covered with growths in the form of icicles or stalactites of considerable size. When surfacing, the underwater cruiser, having removed the bow rudders, is slowly pressed against the ice ceiling with a specially adapted bow and wheelhouse fencing, after which the main ballast tanks are sharply purged.
Power point
The main nuclear power plant is designed according to the block principle and includes two water-cooled thermal neutron reactors OK-650 with a thermal power of 190 MW each and a shaft power of 2 × 50,000 liters. With. , as well as two steam turbine units, located one each in both durable hulls, which significantly increases the survivability of the boat. The use of a two-stage rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorption system and a block arrangement of mechanisms and equipment made it possible to significantly improve the vibration isolation of the units and, thereby, reduce the noise of the boat.
Two low-speed, low-noise, seven-bladed fixed-pitch propellers are used as propulsors. To reduce noise levels, the propellers are installed in ring fairings (fenestrons).
The boat has backup propulsion means - two 190 kW DC electric motors. For maneuvering in cramped conditions, there is a thruster in the form of two folding columns with 750 kW electric motors and rotary propellers. Thrusters are located in the bow and stern of the ship.
Habitability
The crew is accommodated in conditions of increased comfort. The boat has a lounge for relaxation, a gym, a swimming pool measuring 4x2 m and a depth of 2 m, filled with fresh or salt sea water with the possibility of heating, a solarium, a sauna lined with oak boards, and a “living corner”. The rank and file are accommodated in small cockpits, the command personnel are accommodated in two- and four-berth cabins with washbasins, televisions and air conditioning. There are two wardrooms: one for officers, the other for midshipmen and sailors. Submarines of the "Shark" type are called "floating Hilton" by sailors.
Regeneration of the environment
In 1984, for participation in the creation of TRPKSN pr. 941 "Akula", the FSUE "Special Design and Technological Bureau for Electrochemistry with a Pilot Plant" (until 1969 - the Moscow Electrolysis Plant) was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
Armament
The main armament is the D-19 missile system with 20 three-stage solid-propellant ballistic missiles R-39 "Variant". These missiles have the largest launch weight (together with the launch container - 90 tons) and length (17.1 m) of the SLBMs put into service. The combat range of the missiles is 8300 km, the warhead is multiplex: 10 warheads with individual guidance of 100 kilotons of TNT each. Due to the large dimensions of the R-39, the Akula project boats were the only carriers of these missiles. The design of the D-19 missile system was tested on the BS-153 diesel submarine, specially converted according to Project 619, which was based in Sevastopol, but it could only accommodate one silo for the R-39 and was limited to seven launches of dummy models. The entire ammunition load of the Akula missiles can be launched in one salvo with a short interval between the launch of individual missiles. Launch is possible both from surface and submerged positions at depths of up to 55 m and without restrictions on weather conditions. Thanks to the ARSS shock-absorbing rocket launch system, the rocket is launched from a dry shaft using a powder pressure accumulator, which reduces the interval between launches and the level of pre-launch noise. One of the features of the complex is that with the help of ARSS, the missiles are suspended at the neck of the silo. The design included the deployment of an ammunition load of 24 missiles, but, by the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, Admiral S.G. Gorshkov, their number was reduced to 20.
In 1986, a government decree was adopted on the development of an improved version of the missile - the R-39UTTKh "Bark". The new modification planned to increase the firing range to 10,000 km and implement a system for passing through ice. The rearmament of the missile carriers was planned to be carried out until 2003 - the expiration date of the warranty life of the produced R-39 missiles. In 1998, after the third unsuccessful launch, the Ministry of Defense decided to stop work on the 73% complete complex. The developer of the “land” ICBM “Topol-M” was assigned to develop another solid-fuel SLBM “Bulava”. ()
Air defense is provided by eight sets of Igla-1 MANPADS.
Missile carriers of the Akula project are equipped with the following electronic weapons:
Comparative assessment
It should be noted that the Ohio, unlike Russian submarines, is designed for combat duty in the open ocean in relatively warm latitudes, while Russian submarines are regularly on duty in the Arctic, while being in the relatively shallow waters of the shelf and, in addition, under a layer of ice, which has a significant impact on boat design. Among US Navy submariners, sailing in shallow waters under the Arctic ice is considered very risky.
The predecessors of the "Sharks" - Project 667A submarines, and their modifications, were nicknamed "roaring cows" by the American military due to their increased noise; their combat duty areas were located off the coast of the United States - in the range of powerful anti-submarine formations, and they also had to overcome NATO anti-submarine line between Greenland, Iceland and Great Britain.
In the USSR and Russia, the main part of the nuclear triad consists of ground-based Strategic Missile Forces. According to Lieutenant General of the Strategic Missile Forces Lev Volkov:
After the acceptance of strategic submarines of the Akula type into service in the USSR Navy, the United States agreed to the signing of the SALT-2 treaty proposed by them, and the United States also allocated funds under the Cooperative Threat Reduction program for the disposal of half of the Sharks while simultaneously extending the service life of their American “peers” until 2023-2026.
The head of the Operations Directorate of the Northern Fleet, V. Lebedko, in 1982, after switching to the TK-208, described the “Akula” as follows:
Quote from the news release of the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the entry into service of the first heavy cruiser:
| 941 "Shark" | "Ohio" | 667BDRM "Dolphin" |
"Vanguard" | "Triumfan" | 955 "Borey" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | ||||||
| Years of construction | - | - | - | - | - | - (plan) |
| Years of service | -present | -present | -present | -present | -present | -present |
| Built | 6 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Displacement (t) surface / underwater |
23 200 / 48 000 | 16 746 / 18 750 | 11 740 / 18 200 | 15 130 / 15 900 | 12 640 / 14 335 | 14 720 / 24 000 |
| Number of missiles | 20 R-39 | 24 Trident II | 16 R-29RMU2 | 16 Trident II | 16 M45 | 16 "Mace" |
| Throwing weight (kg) | 2550 | 2800 - ? | 2800 - ? | 2800 - ? | ? | 1150 |
| range (km) | 9300 | 7400 - 11300 | 8300 - 11547 | 7400 - 11300 | 6000 | 9300 |
Representatives
Initially, it was planned to build 10 boats of this project, however, under the SALT-1 agreement, and due to a number of financial and political problems, the series was limited to six ships (the seventh ship of the series, TK-210, was dismantled on the slipway, and the last three boats of the series generally remained on stage of preliminary preparation for construction).
| Name | Head No. | Bookmark | Launching | Commissioning | Current status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" |
711 | 17.06.1976 | 29.09.1980 | 12.12.1981 26.07.2002 |
Modernized according to project 941UM. Converted for the new Bulava SLBM. |
| TK-202 | 712 | 22.04.1978 (01.10.1980) | 23.09.1982 (24.06.1982) | 28.12.1983 | In 2005, it was cut into metal with financial support from the United States. |
| TK-12 "Simbirsk" |
713 | 19.04.1980 | 17.12.1983 | 26.12.1984 15.01.1985 | In 1998, he was expelled from the Navy. On July 26, 2005, it was delivered to Severodvinsk for disposal as part of the Russian-American Cooperative Threat Reduction program. Recycled. |
| TK-13 | 724 | 23.02.1982 (05.01.1984) | 30.04.1985 | 26.12.1985 (30.12.1985) | On June 15, 2007, the American side signed a contract for disposal. On July 3, 2008, recycling began in the docking chamber at Zvezdochka. In 2009, it was cut into metal. |
| TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" |
725 | 24.02.1985 | 08.1986 | 06.11.1987 | Due to lack of ammunition, it was put into reserve in 2006. Removed from the fleet. Recycling will begin after 2020. In June 2019, Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev told the press that disposal had been cancelled. Instead, the Arkhangelsk submarine will be repaired, refitted and retrofitted with 200 cruise missiles. |
| TK-20 Severstal |
727 | 06.01.1987 | 07.1988 | 04.09.1989 | Due to lack of ammunition, it was put into reserve in 2004. Removed from the fleet. Recycling will begin after 2020. In June 2019, Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev told the press that disposal had been cancelled. Instead, the Severstal submarine will be repaired, refitted and retrofitted with 200 cruise missiles. |
| TK-210 | 728 | - | - | - | Not pawned. Hull structures were being prepared. Dismantled in 1990. |
| TK-? | n/a | - | - | - | Not pawned. |
| TK-? | n/a | - | - | - | Not pawned. |
| TK-? | n/a | - | - | - | Not pawned. |
All 6 built TRPKSN were based on
Nuclear ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) / cruising submarine (until 07/25/1977) / heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser (heavy SSBN since 06/03/1996). The developer of the project is the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Mechanical Engineering, the chief designer is S.N. Kovalev, the chief observer from the Navy is V.N. Levashov. Preliminary development of the D-19 missile system began at Miass SKB-385 in early 1971. The tactical and technical specifications for the design of SSBNs were issued in December 1972. The construction of a new series of SSBNs was planned as a response to the construction in the United States of a series of Ohio-class missile carriers. The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the design and construction of Project 941 was adopted on December 19, 1973. Probably, it was planned to build a series of 12 SSBNs of the project - this figure was named by the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S.G. Gorshkov in a speech to students and teachers of the Navy Training Center No. 93 in Paldiski in the summer of 1975
The lead submarine of the TK-208 series was laid down at the Sevmash Production Association (Severodvinsk) on June 17, 1976. Launched on September 23, 1980 and accepted by the USSR Navy on December 12, 1981. Construction of the series of submarines was completed by delivery to the Navy on September 4, 1989 SSBN TK-20. A total of 6 SSBNs of the project were built, the seventh boat of the project - TK-210 - was laid down in 1986, but in 1988, with 40% readiness, construction was stopped, and in 1990 the backlog was dismantled for metal. In the 1980s, partial assembly and metal procurement were carried out for three more SSBN series. Those. In total, as of the early to mid-1980s, it was planned to build a series of 10 SSBNs, which was later reduced to 6 copies.
After the fleet accepted the lead SSBN TK-208, the boat was subjected to intensive trial operation. When the SSBN project entered service with the Navy, the training base at the center in Paldiski was virtually absent and was created handicraft by the “students” themselves. Later, the Alder simulator was created in Paldiski, simulating 19 compartments of the SSBN Project 941 with an operating nuclear reactor.
Five of the six SSBNs built pr.941 TYPHOON in Zapadnaya Litsa, 1980-1990s (photo from the Volk archive, http://tsushima.su).
In May 1987, according to the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers, a schedule for the modernization of SSBN Project 941 according to project 941UTTH was approved:
- TK-208 (plant No. 711) - from October 1988 to December 1994
- TK-202 (plant No. 712) - from October 1992 to December 1997
- TK-12 (plant No. 713) - from 1996 to 1999
- TK-13, TK-17, TK-20 - with transfer to the Navy after 2000.
Repair work was planned to be carried out (medium repair) at the Zvezdochka shipyard, modernization - at the Sevmash production facility.
As of January 2010, except for the lead boat Project 941 and Project 941U TK-208, the remaining SSBNs have not undergone medium repairs. At the end of September 2011, three SSBN projects formally remain in service (including two boats in reserve without main ammunition and one in the role of an experimental SSBN - TK-208), the media are discussing the plans of the Russian Ministry of Defense to withdraw the boats from the fleet in 2014-2019 On February 9, 2012, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Vladimir Vysotsky, stated that two SSBNs of the project - "Sevrstal" and "Arkhangelsk" - in the coming years with their standard weapons - retained R-39 missiles - will remain in service with the Russian Navy, the third boat of the project - " Yuri Dolgoruky" will be used as an experimental submarine and in the SLBM test program.
According to unconfirmed data, the code of the missile system from the SSBN Project 941 "Akula" is "Typhoon". This is probably where the western name of the submarine comes from - TYPHOON.
Design- the design of the submarine - a catamaran - is determined by the size of the ammunition load - large-sized solid-fuel intercontinental missiles. The boat is made according to multi-hull architecture and consists of a lightweight hull, retractable device guards and 5 durable hulls:
- two main strong hulls run symmetrically along most of the length of the boat, have a variable diameter and each is divided into 8 compartments (3 bow with a total length of 54 m, 3 adjacent to the main control unit with a total length of 31 m, reactor and turbine compartments with a total length of 30 m).
- a strong bow hull - to accommodate a torpedo compartment (one compartment).
- durable housing of the main command post of the boat and radio-technical equipment (one compartment, length 30 m).
- aft transitional 13-meter strong hull (one compartment).
The fencing of retractable devices is made durable for breaking through ice up to 3 m thick or more, the roof is round in shape, height is 8.5 m.
The material of the durable cases is steel using titanium alloys, the lightweight case is steel. The body is covered with a rubber sound-absorbing coating.
The living conditions of the crew on the boat have been significantly improved - officers and midshipmen are accommodated in 1-, 2- and 4-berth cabins, sailors and foremen in small cockpits. There is a health center with a sauna and a swimming pool.
Means of rescue- on the sides of the retractable device fence there are two pop-up rescue chambers - for the right and left sides.
Propulsion system:
- 2 x double-circuit pressurized water nuclear reactors OK-650VV with a power of 190 MW each (housed in different durable buildings) - the reactors are modernized reactors of the VM-4AM type;
- 2 x STU (steam turbine units) with GTZA (main turbo-gear units) / turbines of 45,000-50,000 hp. / up to 60,000 hp according to other data;
- 2 x backup electric motors with a power of 260 hp each. - connected to the main shaft line using couplings;
Mover: 2 propeller shafts with 7-bladed fixed pitch propellers, precision machined, curved blades.
Screw diameter - 5.55 m
Rotation speed - 0 - 230 rpm
Two additional thrusters with 750 kW electric motors each in the bow and stern of the boat.
http://gelio.livejournal.com/).
Energy:
- 4 x steam turbine nuclear power plants with a capacity of 3200 kW each BPTU-514 (BPTU-514M on project 941UTTH/U);
- 2 x backup diesel generators ASDG-800 with a power of 800 kW each;
- Lead-acid battery type "item 144"
TTX boats:
Crew - 163 people (including 52 officers and 85 midshipmen)
Length:
- 170 m
- 172.8 m (other data)
- 172.6 m (TK-17)
- 173.1 m (TK-20)
Width - 23.3 m
Wake draft - 11.2 / 11.5 m
Full underwater displacement - 48000 / 49800 t (according to various sources)
Surface displacement - 23200 / 28500 t (according to various sources)
Underwater full speed - 25-27 knots
Full surface speed - 12-13 knots
Cruising range - unlimited
Maximum immersion depth - 500 m
Working depth of immersion - 380 m
Autonomy - 120 days
Armament:
| Project 941 | Project 941U / UTTH | Project 941U / 09412 |
|
| Rocket | D-19 missile system with 20 R-39 SLBM launchers D-19U missile system with 20 R-39U SLBM launchers | D-19M missile system with 20 R-39M SLBM launchers (project) D-19UTTH missile system with 20 SLBM launchers (re-equipment of TK-208 SSBN was underway) | D-30 missile system with 20 SLBM launchers, for testing Bulava missiles, 2 launchers are equipped in the bow of the ship |
| Torpedo | 6 TA caliber 533 mm with a quick loader and a torpedo tube preparation system "Grinda" Ammunition - 22 torpedoes of the VA-111 Shkval type and missiles of the " " and " " complexes. | similarly | similarly |
| Other | 8 x Igla-1 type MANPADS, ammunition - 48 missiles | similar + self-defense complex "Barrier" with 8 x SGPD MG-74 "Korund" launchers | similarly |
Equipment:
| Project 941 | Project 941 / TK-17, TK-20 | pr.941UTTH | Project 941U / 09412 |
|
| BIUS | "Omnibus" / "Omnibus-1" with a computer MVU-132 | "Omnibus-U" with a computer MVU-132U | "Omnibus-U" with a computer MVU-132U | |
| Hydroacoustic equipment | - SAC MGK-500 "Skat-KS" with 4 antennas, simultaneously accompanied by 10-12 targets; - mine detection sonar MG-519 “Arfa-M”; - GAS for determining cavitation MG-512 “Vint”; - GAS for determining the speed of sound GISZ MG-553 “Shkert”; - echometer MG-518 “Sever”; | instead of the MGK-500 "Skat-KS" GAK, the MGK-501 "Skat-2M" GAK was installed GPBA "Pelamida" was installed | instead of the MGK-500 "Skat-KS" GAK, the MGK-501 "Skat-2M" GAK was installed | GAK MGK-540 "Skat-3", includes: - GAK MGK-501 “Skat-2M” (?) - Mine detection sonar MG-519 “Arfa-M” (?) - GAS for determining cavitation MG-512 “Vint” (?) - GISZ MG-553 “Shkert” (?) - echometer MG-518 “Sever” (?) |
| Radar complex | RLK MRKP-58 "Radian" radio-technical intelligence station MRP-21A | RLK MRKP-59 "Radian-U" | RLK MRKP-59 "Radian-U" | MRKP-59 "Radian-U" radio-technical intelligence station MRP-21A (?) |
| Navigation complex | satellite navigation complex "Symphony" navigation complex "Tobol-941" navigation circular detector NOK-1 navigational fault detector NOR-1 | satellite complex "Symphony-UTTH" | satellite complex "Symphony-UTTH" navigation complex "Tobol-941" (?) |
|
| Communication complex | "Molniya-L1" / "Molniya MS" two manufactured "Zalom" pop-up antennas provide signal reception at boat depths of up to 150 m | "Smerch-2" | "Smerch-2" | |
| Retractable devices | - periscope "Signal-3"; Periscope "Swan-21"; Combined antenna post of a “friend or foe” identification station and a radio sextant; The antenna post of the radar radar "Radian" is combined with a retractable shaft for operating the compressor under water (RKP); Antenna post of the radio communication complex; Combined underwater communication system antenna and direction finder; Antenna post for satellite communications and radio navigation systems; Antenna post of the Zaliv-P radar signal detection system |
Modifications:
- project 941- basic modification.
- Project 941 / TK-17, TK-20- on the submarine there are no wings that protect the rudder group from ice, the light hull is somewhat elongated. Equipment changed. A set of measures was carried out on the boats to reduce the primary acoustic field of the boat and its own interference with hydroacoustic means.
- Project 941UTTH / Project 941U / Project 09411- upgrade option for the D-19UTTH missile system with 20 SLBM launchers. During the modernization, in addition to the missile weapons complex, it was also planned to replace some submarine equipment systems. A new steam turbine unit BPTU-514M is installed on the boats of the project. During the modernization work, it was planned to extend the service life of the boats by 25 years without undergoing a second mid-life repair. The decision to modernize all SSBNs of the project was made in May 1987. The modernization period was planned until 2005. Since September 20, 1989, the Sevmash Production Association has received the TK-208 SSBN for medium repairs with modernization on Project 941UTTH/941U. In 1991, due to problems with financing, work on the conversion of SSBNs was actually stopped. Work was resumed in 1996, and since 1998 it has been carried out on Project 941UM for the Bulava-M missile complex.
- Project 941U / Project 09412 / Project 941UM- upgrade option for the D-30 missile system with 20 SLBM launchers. From 1998 to June 26, 2002, at the Sevmash Production Association, the TK-208 SSBN, previously modernized according to Project 941U / UTTH, was re-equipped - 2 launchers for testing Bulava missiles were installed in the bow of the ship, the equipment was modernized. Mooring tests of the boat began on June 30, 2002, and it was re-accepted for trial operation in the Russian Navy on July 26, 2002 for testing the Bulava-M missile system.
- Project of transport submarine-ore carrier- together with the Norilsk Nickel company, the Rubin Central Design Bureau MT, in the 1990s, the possibility of converting the SSBN Project 941 into ore-carrying submarines was considered for transporting ore underwater along the Northern Sea Route.
Status: USSR / Russia
Satellite photograph of SSBN pr.941 (TK-208 or TK-202) in the harbor of the Sevmash Production Association in Severodvinsk, 10.10.1982. Photo taken by the American KH-9 surveillance satellite (http://www.air-defense.net /forum).
- 1992 - serial production of the R-39 SLBM for the SSBN Project 941 missile systems was discontinued. In the mid-1990s, it was planned to begin mass production of SLBMs, but work on these missiles ceased in 1998.
1994 - as part of the 18th submarine division of the Northern Fleet, 5 SSBNs.
2003 December 11 - a throw-launch of an SLBM was carried out from a surface position with a TK-208 SSBN during testing of the boat.
2004 September 23 - a throw-launch of an SLBM was carried out from an underwater position with a TK-208 SSBN during testing of the boat.
January 2005 - of the entire group of SSBN Project 941, only 10 R-39 SLBMs remain in service with the TK-20 SSBN.
May 2010 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V. Vysotsky stated that the reserve SSBNs Project 941 "Arkhangelsk" and "Severstal" will serve in the Russian Navy until 2019 and may be modernized.
2011 September 29 - the decision of the Russian Ministry of Defense to decommission SSBN Project 941 by 2014 was announced in the media. SSBNs decommissioned will be disposed of.
2011 September 30 - the media refuted the message dated September 29, 2011 about the decommissioning and disposal of SSBN Project 941.
The aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya of the Indian Navy and the SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM at the Sevmash Production Association in Severodvinsk, photo - November 2011 (photo from the nosikot archive, http://navy-rus.livejournal.com).
- 2011 December 02 - Director of PA "Sevmash" Andrey Dyachkov stated in the media that the SSBN pr.941UM "Dmitry Donskoy", assigned to the Belomorsk naval base (Severodvinsk), will be used in testing submarines of new projects as an experimental one. The fate of the Arkhangelsk and Severstal SSBNs has not yet been decided.
February 9, 2012 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky said that two SSBNs of the project - "Sevrstal" and "Arkhangelsk" - in the coming years with their standard weapons - retained R-39 missiles - will remain in service with the Russian Navy, the third boat of the project - "Yuri Dolgoruky" will be used as an experimental submarine and in the SLBM testing program, as well as to support testing of other submarines.
July 30, 2012 - SSBN TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" is located in the Sukhona floating dock on the territory of the Sevmash Production Association.
SSBN TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" in the floating dock "Sukhona" on the territory of PA "Sevmash", 07/30/2012 (photo - Oleg Kuleshov, http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com).
- 2013 May 21 - information appeared in the media, citing a source in the Ministry of Defense, that the dismantlement of the Severstal and Arkhangelsk SSBNs will be carried out before 2020.
Return to Severodvinsk to support testing of other submarines SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM, 06/28/2013 (photo - Oleg Kuleshov, http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com/).
SSBN TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM near the wall of the Sevmash production facility, Severodvinsk, October or spring 2014 (photo - Slava Stepanov, http://gelio.livejournal.com/).
Composition of the SSBN Project 941 group as part of the Navy of the USSR and Russia (as of December 2011):
| Year | SSBN | SLBM | SSBN composition | Note |
| 1982 | 1 | 20 | TK-208 | |
| 1984 | 2 | 40 | TK-208, TK-202 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Western Litsa |
| 1985 | 3 | 60 | TK-208, TK-202, TK-12 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Western Litsa |
| 1986 | 4 | 80 | TK-208, TK-202, TK-12, TK-13 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Western Litsa |
| 1988 | 5 | 100 | TK-208, TK-202, TK-12, TK-13, TK-17 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Western Litsa |
| 1990 | 5 | 100 | TK-202, TK-12, TK-13, TK-17, TK-20 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa, TK-208 - in medium repair at Sevmash Production Association |
| 1994 | 5 | 100 | TK-202, TK-12, TK-13, TK-17, TK-20 | 18th Division of the Northern Fleet, Zapadnaya Litsa, TK-208 - in medium repair at Sevmash Production Association |
| 2005 January | 3 | 10 | TK-208, TK-17, TK-20 | Ammunition for SSBN TK-20 - 10 SLBM R-39 |
| 2011 | 3 | 0 | TK-208, TK-17, TK-20 | TK-208 - experimental SSBN, the rest are in reserve without SLBMs |
Register of SSBN pr.941(version as of September 30, 2011, double dates due to different data):
| № pp | Name | Project | NATO | Factory. № | Factory | Bookmark date | Launch date | Date entered. into operation | Write-off date | Basing and note |
| 01 | TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" (from 10/07/2000) | 941 941U | TYPHOON | 711 | Sevmash | 17.06.1976 30.06.1976 | 23.09.1980 27.09.1980 | 12.12.1981 29.12.1981 07/26/2002 (project 941U) | Northern Fleet 2011 - part of the Navy, Northern Fleet; The SSBN is equipped and used to test SLBMs. |
|
| 02 | TK-202 | 941 | TYPHOON | 712 | Sevmash | 22.04.1978 | 23.09.1982 | 28.12.1983 | 2000 | Northern Fleet SSBN stripped to metal with American financing |
| 03 | TK-12 "Simbirsk" | 941 | TYPHOON | 713 | Sevmash, responsible deliverer Yu.N. Grechkov ( ist. - Kantor B...) | 19.04.1980 | 17.12.1983 | 26.12.1984 | 08/31/2005 | Northern Fleet 07/26/2005 delivered to Severodvinsk for cutting, cut into metal with American financing |
| 04 | TK-13 | 941 | TYPHOON | 724 | Sevmash | 23.02.1982 | 30.04.1985 | 26.12.1985 | 1998 | Northern Fleet SSBN dismantlement began in the docking chamber of the Zvezdochka Shipyard in Severodvinsk on July 3, 2008. |
| 05 | TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" | 941 | TYPHOON | 725 | Sevmash | 09.08.1983 24.02.1985 | 12.12.1986 August 1986 | 06.11.1987 15.12.1987 | plan for 2014 according to some and 2019 according to other data | Northern Fleet |
| 06 | TK-20 "Severstal" | 941 | TYPHOON | 727 | Sevmash | 27.08.1985 06.01.1987 | 19.12.1989 04.09.1989 | plan for 2014 according to some and 2019 according to other data | Northern Fleet due to lack of ammunition in 2006 it was put into reserve, 2011 - part of the Navy, in reserve, Northern Fleet |
|
| 07 | TK-210 | 941 | TYPHOON | 728 | Sevmash | 1986 mid | - | - | - | the boat was laid down, the groundwork was being prepared, in 1988 construction was stopped when it was 40% complete, the groundwork was dismantled for metal in 1990. |
Side numbers:
| Year | TK-208 | TK-202 | TK-12 | TK-13 | TK-17 | TK-20 |
| 1990 | 834 | 821 | 840 | 818 | 830 | |
| 1994 | 824 | , 2011
The largest Soviet submarine Akula, created as a symmetrical response to the United States after they created the Ohio submarine.
The largest nuclear submarine (NPS) is the Akula.
The goal of the developers was to create a ship even more powerful and larger in size than its American counterpart.
The real name of the submarine is “Project 941”, in the West it is called “Typhoon”, and the name “Shark” is explained by the fact that a drawing of a shark is placed on the side of the submarine (however, it could only be seen until the ship was launched).
This is exactly what L.I. named the new combat unit. Brezhnev, and later the image of a shark appeared on the uniform of sailors who served on the submarine.
“Shark” is a nuclear submarine of truly impressive size. Its length corresponds approximately to the length of two real football fields, and its height corresponds to a nine-story building. The submarine's displacement is 48 thousand tons when launched.
How and when did the largest submarine in the world appear?
The creation of this powerful warship is associated with the period of the Cold War and the arms race. The Akula submarine was supposed to show the superiority of the Soviet navy over the Western one. In 1972, scientists received the task of creating a submarine more powerful, larger, and more dangerous than the Ohio (USA).
Work on the Ohio submarine began in the United States in the early 1970s; It was planned to arm the submarine with 24 Trident solid-fuel missiles with a range of more than 7 thousand km, i.e. intercontinental. It was significantly superior to everything that was in service with the USSR, because the huge (with a displacement of 18.7 thousand tons) submarine could launch missiles at a depth of up to 30 m and was quite fast - up to 20 knots.
The Soviet government set the designers the task of creating a Soviet missile carrier, even more powerful than the American one. This work was entrusted to the Rubin design bureau, which at that time was headed by I.D. Spassky, and designer S.N. Kovalev – a leading specialist in this field; 92 submarines were created according to Kovalev's designs.
Construction began at the Sevmash enterprise in 1976; the first cruiser was launched in 1980, and it passed tests even earlier than the Ohio, work on which began earlier.
Over the entire history of the project, 6 Akula submarines were created, and the seventh, having already begun, was not completed due to the beginning of disarmament. Three of the existing submarines were disposed of with financial assistance from the United States and Canada, two did not have time to be disposed of and now the question of what to do with them next is being decided, and one, the Dmitry Donskoy, was modified and is now in service.
Re-equipping the Sharks is too expensive; it costs the same as it would cost to build two new modern submarines.
Design features of the Akula submarine
Due to the need to arm the largest submarine in the world with solid-fuel missiles, the designers were faced with difficult problems to solve. The missiles were too large and heavy, it was difficult to place them on a conventional cruiser, because even loading massive weapons required an innovative crane, and they were transported from them along specially laid rails.
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And the capabilities of the shipbuilding plant were limited to the creation of ships that did not exceed the norm for the draft of the vessel.
The designers made a non-standard design solution: the cruiser was given the appearance, so to speak, of a catamaran for swimming underwater. It does not consist of two buildings (external and internal), as usual, but five: two main and three additional.
The result is excellent buoyancy (40%).
Almost half of the ballast when the cruiser is under water is water. No matter how much they scolded the nuclear submarine designers for this! Both “a victory of technology over common sense” and a “water carrier” (the submarine’s nickname is “Shark”), but it is precisely this feature that allows the cruiser to float, breaking through a 2.5-meter layer of ice, so that it can serve almost at the North Pole .
Inside the common body there are five more, two parallel; The missile silos are unusually located: they are located in front of the wheelhouse; The mechanical, torpedo and control module compartments are isolated and located in the gap formed by the main hulls, which makes the design safer.
This is also achieved by a couple of dozen waterproof compartments and two rescue chambers that can accommodate the entire crew.
The outer steel hull is coated with special rubber for sound insulation and anti-location purposes, making the submarine difficult to detect.
The huge submarine has quite comfortable living conditions for the crew: cockpits for small groups of sailors, comfortable cabins for officers, televisions, a gym, even a swimming pool, solarium and sauna, two wardrooms and a “living corner.”
Submarine armament
“Akula” is armed with two dozen R-39 “Variant” (these are ballistic missiles, each weighing 90 tons). There are also torpedo tubes (6 pieces) and Igla-1 MANPADS. Interestingly, even from a depth of 55 meters, a submarine can fire these missiles almost in one gulp.
Quite comfortable living conditions for the crew have been created on the huge submarine: the sailors live in small cabins for several people, while the officers occupy double cabins.
In addition to the gym and two cabins, there is a sauna and a small swimming pool on board, there is even a solarium and a “living corner”.
The commander's chair in the control room can only be used by the captain; even Defense Minister P. Grachev, who visited the submarine in 1993 and broke tradition, was unanimously condemned by all those present.
